定语从句的引导词分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(where, when, why)两类,这些引导词在引导定语从句的同时均在从句中充当成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语和定语,作宾语时可省略;关系副词可作状语,一般不能省略。下面简单介绍一下定语从句的难点。
一、介词(短语) + 关系代词 / 副词
1. 此处关系代词只能是which / whom / whose / where / when,而不能用who / that.
如:They arrived at an old building, in front of which stood a tower. He climbed up to the top of the tree, from where he could see clearly what was happening in the woods.
2. 不定代词 / 数词 + of which / whom.
如:Mrs. Green has three sons, none of whom works in the city. The boys discovered many pictures on the walls of the cave, most of which dated back to 15, 000 years ago.比较:The boys discovered many pictures on the walls of the cave, most of them dating back to 15,000 years ago. (此处是独立主格结构)
二、whose whose既可指人也可指物,指物时whose + 名词 = of which + the + 名词 / the +名词 + of which.
如:The plastic bottle, whose top / of which the top / the top of which is cut off, can be used as a container to grow plants in.比较:The plastic bottle, (with) the top cut off, can be used as a container to grow plants in. (此处为独立主格结构)
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