At the University of Chicago，Albion Small (1854～1926)developed qualitative sociology，which is concerned mainly with trying to obtain an accurate picture of a group and how it operates in the world.Small and his followers were particularly interested in understanding how immigration was affecting the city and its residents.From the middle of the nineteenth century to roughly the middle of the twentieth century，massive numbers of people immigrated to the United States from a variety of countries.Chicago in particular attracted many immigrants from Poland.Early sociologists were fascinated by the social changes they saw taking place and began conducting qualitative studies that involved personal interviews and observations of racial ceremonies.

　　Some University of Chicago sociologists actually went back to Poland to interview people who were about to immigrate to the United States，who had relatives who were immigrants，or who had no intention of immigrating anywhere.In keeping with the spirit of qualitative sociology，the researchers felt that they could understand the experiences of Polish immigrants only if they also understood their reality and experiences before they left their homeland.Today，qualitative sociology emphasizes understanding individuals’ experiences by examining their books，television programs，interactions，and ceremonies，among other elements.For example，a sociologist hoping to understand the experiences of emergency medical technicians (EMTs)might spend time riding in the backs of ambulances as the EMTs go out on calls.

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