高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础考点聚焦 Unit1 Great scientists单元检测同步探源 新人教版必修5
Ⅰ.阅读理
(2016·安徽省高三皖西四校联考)When Alfred Nobel created the prizes that bear his name to a dead man.
It is a complex story,one that could not have been foreseen when Nobel,the Swedish inventor,died in 1896.But it all traces back to his will,written at a time when international prizes were an original idea.
Nobel did not say why he wanted to reward scientists who “made the most important discovery” during the previous year.One can guess that he wanted to reward presentday innovation and not to give tombstone awards to Galileo,Hippocrates,and other scientists from centuries past.
But will and science often got involved.The oneyear timing proved impractical;scientific findings generally need to be testede award be given only to living people;that rule was made formal in the 1970s.But the rule against posthumous awards has now been violated several times—most recently this monthkefeller University,who died three days before his election.His discovery,called dendritic cells,took place in 1973.
The first posthumous winner was the poet Erik Karlfeldt.Karlfeldt had refused his selection in 1918 because he was a longtime member of the Swedish Nobel Academy.When he was selected again in 1931,he had died that April.
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