宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。做题时可以根据提示
词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。 (2)根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。
名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后。
常见的限定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、形容词性物主代词(my,your等)、
名词所有格(Mary’s,John’s等)、不定代词(one,some,any,each,
many,all,both,another,other等)、疑问词(whose,what,which等)等。 (3)填名词时,一定要注意单复数及拼写。 特别提示
作主语或在及物动词、介词后作宾语时一般用名词或动词-ing形式。如果所给单词为动词,就要看该动词是否有名词形式。如果有名词形式,就用其名词形式,如果该动词没有名词形式,就用其动词-ing形式。 (1)Please pay attention (attend) to your handwriting.
动词attend本身有名词形式attention,所以不用动词-ing形式attending。 (2)His arrival (arrive) made the situation worse.
动词arrive本身有名词形式arrival,所以不用动词-ing形式arriving。 (3)The teacher was angry at my coming (come) late.
动词come没有名词形式,所以用动词-ing形式coming。 (4)I was happy because of his appreciation (appreciate).
I was happy because of his appreciating (appreciate) my speech. 2.名词前、系动词后一般用形容词。 【典例1】 As (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:natural 根据语境可知,此处位于介词As和名词architects之间,需要填一个形容词作定语,所以填natural。 【典例2】 There are more and more cars and buses on the roads, and they give off (poison) gases. 答案及剖析:poisonous 根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词gases,应该填提示词的形容词形式poisonous。 【典例3】 I cannot control my body well.My legs become . (pain).(2016辽宁) 答案及剖析:painful 根据语境可知,此处在句中作表语,填提示词的形容词形式painful。 【典例4】 I kept driving for about five minutes when all of a sudden,a huge,(hair) creature jumped out in front of my car,opened the car door,carried me on his shoulders,... 答案及剖析:hairy 根据语境可知,此处与huge一起作定语修饰名词creature,因此填提示词的形容词形式hairy,意思是“多毛的”。 【典例5】 And we had a (love) dinner,one of your favorites,green cabbage,soup and fresh salad. 答案及剖析:lovely 根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词dinner,应该填提示词的形容词形式lovely。 【典例6】 Oh,we give everyone a list of (suit) clothes and all the things to bring. 答案及剖析:suitable 根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词clothes,应该填提示词的形容词形式。 【典例7】 When we need help,we might not know how to ask for help.It is not (please) to have an experience like that. 答案及剖析:pleasant 根据前面的系动词be可知,此处在句中作表语,应该填提示词的形容词形式。 【典例8】 There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).(2016新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:disappointed 根据语境可知,此处和形容词anxious一起在句中作表语,表示“失望的”,修饰人,因此填提示词的形容词形式disappointed。 名师在线 名词前设空,此空所需词多数情况下是作定语的,因此应该考虑该词的形容词形式,这就要求考生牢记一些构成形容词的常见后缀,如-ful,-ous,-al, -y,-ly,-tive,-able,-less等。 3.动词前后、形容词前后可能填副词。 【典例1】 The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015湖北,29改编) 答案及剖析:gradually 分析句子结构可知,此处需用提示词的副词形式修饰动词get。 【典例2】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.(2015新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:slowly 分析句子结构可知,此处在句中作状语,应该用副词。 【典例3】 But she simply sits beside a big silver plate,pouring cups of tea for everyone and (skill) avoiding the cakes and sandwiches. 答案及剖析:skillfully 此处修饰作状语的动词-ing形式短语,所以要使用提示词的副词形式。 【典例4】 Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers (sudden) became friendly to one another.(2016新课标全国Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:suddenly 根据语境可知,此处在句中作状语,修饰系动词became,因此应该填提示词的副词形式。 【典例5】 About 20 minutes later,Lizzie managed to
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