作主语或宾语,就用动名词(一般,习惯)或不定式形式(具体); ⑵
作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用动词不定式; ⑶
作伴随状语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词;
⑷
作定语,视情况选用现在分词 (主动)、过去分词 (被动)、不定式 (如have sth. to do有事要做),序数词后用不定式等;
⑸ 有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see /hear /notice sb. do/doing sth.,spend… doing sth.等。 [例28] (2016) …but everyone added a little, always 25 ________(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today. thinking 解析:因主句中已有谓语动词added,而added与think之间又没有连词,故think应为非谓语动词;everyone与think是主动关系,故用现在分词短语thinking作added的伴随状语。 [例29](2016)He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16 _______ (wear) sun glasses. wearing 解析:因句中已有谓语appeared,而wear前又没有并列连词,故wear应为非谓语动词;又因“突然出现在班里”与“戴着眼镜”是同时发生的,he与wear又是主动关系,故用现在分词短语,作伴随状语,故填wearing。 [例30] (2011) I noticed a man 18 ____ _______ (sit) at the front. sitting 解析:已有谓语动词noticed,且sit前没有并列连词,因此,sit是非谓语动词;由固定句式notice sb. doing/do sth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事) 可知,填sitting或sit,但我们认为,根据文中提供的情境,不难推出,作者“注意到”时,那个人是“正坐在”作者前面的,故填sitting更准确、更切实际,也更生动。 [例31] (2009) She wished that he was as easy 32 ________ (please) as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume. to please 解析:因句中已有谓语was easy(系动词加表语构成谓语),动词please(使高兴)应为非谓语动词;在形容词后作状语,只能用动词不定式,故填to please。
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