9

　　, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.

　　Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the

　　10

　　of the higher primates (灵长类动物) like monkeys.

　　9. A. for instance

　　B. in addition

　　C. on the contrary

　　D. as a result 10. A. motivation

　　B. appearance

　　C. emotion

　　D. behaviour By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it,

　　11

　　form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or

　　12

　　from outside it. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities

　　also had to be

　　13 to maintain its effectiveness.

　　11. A. beings

　　B. creatures

　　C. ancestors

　　D. monkeys

　　12. A. attack

　　B. contact

　　C. inspection

　　D. assistance 13. A. saved

　　B. extended

　　C. consumed

　　D. gained Clearly, a more

　　14

　　kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 15

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