专题限时训练(三十五)　[社会生活型阅读理解(一)]

　　(限时：25分钟)

　　(一)

　　Endless playing of songs like All I Want for Christmas Is You in shops during the festive season doesn't just drive us mad—the songs also make us more careless with our money, research has warned.

　　While the repeated performance of Jingle Bells may seem like an innocent attempt to raise customers' spirits during the nightmare of Christmas shopping, the songs also have a more delicate impact.

　　“‘Background music’ or‘Muzak’ can be used by marketers to impose cultures—such as the commercialization of Christmas—onto consumers and influence their behaviour，” experts said.

　　Dr Alan Bradshaw of Royal Holloway, University of London, said，“Festive jingles are force­fed to Christmas shoppers to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy. In other words, this is an attempt to control their shopping habits in a way that they might hardly be aware of.”

　　“Often we are told that we have the freedom to choose where we want to shop, but during Christmas the use of music in this way is so common that our freedom to choose disappears.”

　　Dr Bradshaw and Professor Morris Holbrook of Columbia University examined the phenomenon and found that retailers often “dumb down” the music played in shops to relax customers, meaning it is easier to control their behaviour.

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