黑龙江省名校高三英语语法专题第8讲情态动词和虚拟语气_高考复习指南

黑龙江省名校高三英语语法专题第8讲情态动词和虚拟语气

　　二、虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望、建议、命令、要求或假设等，表示一种不可能实现的或与事实相反的愿望。 1．虚拟语气在条件句中的应用虚拟条件句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词用were) 主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If I had time，I would go to the concert.

　　If I were you，I should seize the chance. 与过去事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋had＋过去分词主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 If I had practised more，I would have passed the driving exam. 与将来事实相反的假设 ①If＋主语＋动词过去式 ②If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形 ③If＋主语＋should＋动词原形主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.

　　If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 【注意】　(1)混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If it had rained last night，it would be very cold today. 如果昨天晚上下了雨，今天就会非常冷了。 (2)虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were，should或had，可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Should it rain，the crops would be saved. ＝Were it to rain，the crops would be saved. 要是下了雨，庄稼就会有救了。 2．含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示出来。如supposing(假如)，without(没有)，but for(要不是)。 Without electricity，there would not be modern industry. 要是没有电的话，就不会有现代工业了。 But for the leadership of the Party，we could not live such a happy life.要不是党的领导，我们就不会生活得这么幸福。 3．虚拟语气用于宾语从句中 (1)当主句的谓语动词为“suggest，advise，insist，order，demand，ask，desire，require，recommend，request，urge”等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，其后的宾语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”(should可省略)。 I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. 我建议我们今晚开个会。 We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我们建议要立刻采取措施。 They insisted that he (should) begin the work at once. 他们坚持让他立刻开始工作。但suggest，insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明或坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 She insists that she is right.她坚持认为她是对的。 His face suggested that he was angry. 他的脸色表明他生气了。 (2)当主句动词为wish，表示“但愿……”，“要是……该多好”之意时，其后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气形式。 ①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(be动词一律用were)。 I wish I were as strong as you. 我要是像你一样强壮就好了。 I wish I remembered his address. 我要是记住他的地址就好了。