to have been chosen为不定式的完成式的被动式。当主语与不定式动词有被动关系，且不定式所表示的动作又先于谓语动词动作发生时，动词不定式就要用完成式的被动式。 ◆The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

　　据说这本书被译成很多种语言。 ◆He is very sad to have lost four bikes in less than one year.

　　他因不到一年就丢了4部自行车而感到很伤心。 is said to have bought Leonardo da Vinci birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. 据说列奥纳多·达·芬奇将关在笼子里的鸟买下来，将鸟释放从而获得乐趣。 2、Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place. 并不是到处风沙，而是到处有淤泥和水，使得从一个地方到另一个地方很难。 句中making 表示结果状语。 At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, making up around 4 percent of national total. 在2004年底，在中国大约有6000家外国印刷企业，占了我国所有印刷企业的4%。 making The wind has moderated, sailing safer. 风势已减弱，做帆船运动较为安全了。 3、It seems that many people here just need to talk, so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse.

　　看起来这些人好像只需要说话，因此我发现我的工作不只局限为一名护士。　 seem的基本意思是“似乎；好像；仿佛；看来”等，可作不及物动词或系动词。seem句型归纳如下： (1)seem可与形容词、名词、不定式(短语)、分词及介词短语搭配。 ◆She seems quite happy today.

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