通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来;(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或shall,should, would,can,must,could等情态动词。例如:
He sat down to have a rest. (表目的 )
He woke up to find everybody gone. (表结果)
I’m very pleased to hear from him. (表原因,主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐)
To look at him, you can’t help laughing. (表条件,谓语动词含有can)
He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度)
He is old enough to go to school. (表程度)
◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:
这三种形式作定语,主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性;现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。例如:
The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (将要修建的)
The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的)
The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己经修建了的)
Have you read the novel written by Dickens?
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