way, linear manner, most types of communication, especially the interpersonal variety, are two-way exchanges. To put it differently, the linear view takes no notice of the fact that receivers react to messages by sending other messages of their own.

　　Consider, for example, the importance of a friend’s yawn as you describe your romantic problems. Or imagine the blush you may see as you tell one of your dirty jokes to a new friend.

　　Nonverbal ( Not using words ) behaviors like these show that most face —to—face communication is a two-way affair. The discernible (可辨别的) reply of a receiver to a sender’s message is called feedback. Not all feedback is nonverbal, of course. Sometimes it is oral, as when you ask an instructor questions about an upcoming test or volunteer your opinion of a friend’s new haircut. In other cases it is written, as when you answer the questions on a midterm exam or reply to a letter from a faraway friend.

　　1

　　Which of the following is considered to be a psychological noise?

　　A. A person likes to tell others his achievements.

　　B. A person goes fishing every day instead of going to work.

　　C. A person often guesses too high a value for his ability.

　　D. A person talks without noticing other’s reaction.

　　答案:C

　　解析:一个人对自己能力的过高估计就是心理干扰，从第一段心理干扰的举例可知。

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