2017届高考英语阅读素材：穷理查年鉴 Poor Richard s Almanack_高考复习指南

2017届高考英语阅读素材：穷理查年鉴 Poor Richard s Almanack

　　穷理查年鉴 Poor Richard's Almanack

　　班哲明．富兰克林 (BENJAMIN FRANKLIN) 穷理查年鉴 Poor Richard's Almanack 班哲明．富兰克林(1706－1790)是有史以来最杰出的美国人之一。他是作家、印刷商、政治家、外交家、教育家、发明家、哲学家、幽默大师、企业家、店主、公民领袖、科学家、自学成才者、公务员、民族英雄，富兰克林尝试了各种事业并在所有这些方面都取得辉煌的成就。他作的年鉴是作为一个虚构的理查德．桑德斯(因此叫"穷理查")的著作从1733－1758年在费城年年发表。这些年鉴在殖民地居民中极受欢迎。典型的年鉴包含有日历、天气预测，忠告、食谱以及其它许多有用的知识。穷理查的谚语、格言和箴言有的是他自己创作的，有的不是。它们使富兰克林实用、宽容和今人快活的妙语和哲学得到传播普及。以下是"穷理查"几百条谚语和评论中选出的格言。穷人几乎没有，乞丐一无所有，富人拥有太多，没人会说够了。与狗一起躺下的人，起来时满身跳蚤。唯人与瓜难知。请听又穷又破的理查德一句话，凡以愤怒开始的事必以耻辱告终。凡不勤勉的人，决不会有荣誉。勤则万事易，懒则万事难。要想说服人家，应晓之以利，而非以理。教你孩子缄默，他很快就学会说话。不能服从的人，就不能指挥。法官应服从法律，人民应服从法官。守株待兔者，美餐无保证。有知识的傻瓜比没知识的傻瓜更糟。你把商店管好，商店管你吃饱。如果三人之中两人死了，那秘密就可能守住。早睡早起身，富裕、聪明又健身。对上级谦恭是职责，对平辈谦恭是礼貌，对下级谦恭是高尚。如果你知道如何支出少于收入，你就有了点金术。访客和鱼三天都会发臭。凡亲属中没有傻瓜、娼技和乞丐的人必非凡人。勤勉乃幸运之母。凡靠希望过日子的人，将会绝粮而死。不要干你本来不知道的事。财富不属于拥有它的人，而属于享受它的人。有牛又有羊，人人对我点头忙。天助自助者。如果你自家的窗户是玻璃的，就不要向邻居扔石头。暴力在道理背上拉屎。债主的记忆力比债户强。上帝医治，医生收费。就是在最威严的王位上的最伟大的君主也必须坐在自己的屁股上。通向荣誉的快捷方式是把为荣誉而干的事当作为良心而干。世上最高尚的问题是：我能做什么有益的事? 若要在死后尸骨腐烂时不被人忘记，要写出值得人读的东西，要做些值得人写的事。不要出卖道德去买财富，也不要出卖自由去买权力。古人告诉我们什么是最好的，但我们应该知道什么是现代人最合适的。你要管理事务，别让事务管理你。一年根除一恶习，恶棍也能成好人。若对小错误视而不见，那你就会犯大错。吃乃快活自家，穿是取悦人家。工作未完就付钱，两分钱只值一分钱。历史学家讲他们信以为真的事多于讲史实。让你小孩先学会服从，其次才学你要他学的东西。什么都不想的人最幸福，因为他从不失望。如果你损害良心，良心就会向你报复。不要听朋友的坏话，也不要说敌人的坏话。把你欠的还掉，你就知道什么是你的。不要把你知道的一切，你欠的一切，你拥有的一切你所能做的一切都向人公布。每个民族都有足够的勇气忍受其它民族造成的痛苦，同时也有足够的勇气宽恕其它民族。历史无趣的国家是幸福的，历史无趣的时代是幸运的。狼只是偶尔吃羊，而人却吃了千万只羊。人的舌头既软又没骨，可用它可敲断人的脊梁骨。若怕干坏事，别的就都不用怕了。借钱给一个敌人，你会赢得他。借钱给一个朋友，你会失去他。论学技巧：自学的人是拿傻瓜当师傅。让你的不满成为你的秘密，──如果让世人知道了，他们会看不起你，而且会增加你的不满。二十岁意气用事，三十岁机智处事，四十岁断事不惑。一艺在身，胜如田庄在手。明天要做的事今天就做。人每天都在变，凭感觉的事是不是也和无影无踪的事一样不可靠。说起任何人都不可以用轻薎的语气，无论他是国王还是奴隶。只有最毒的蜂才会用刺。说话尖刻交不了朋友；一勺蜜要比一加仑醋能抓住更多苍蝇。急事缓办。注意小笔开支，小漏将会沈大船。没有辛苦就没有收获。许多人抱怨自己记性不佳，几乎没人说自己判断力差。井干方知泉水贵。人人都要有良知。有良知的人寥寥无几，没人认为他们缺乏良知。暗地里还敬重好人的不算坏。好的榜样就是最好的说教。不听劝告的人，没法帮助他。一群乌合之众就像一个怪物，头长得很多就是没脑筋。傻瓜的日子是泡在酒里，智者的生活放在思考里。酒不能消愁，只能浇愁，而且使愁上加愁。天才不受教育就像是埋在矿里的银子。一点一点砍，也能砍下一棵大橡树。如果不知道事物的本质，光知道名字有何意义？玻璃、陶瓷和名誉都很容易破裂，而且永远无法弥补。黄金时代永远不是现在的时代。老少都有自己的玩物，只是价格不同而已。仓促造成浪费。邻居可相爱，篱笆不能拆。小孩以为二十先令总花不完，二十年总过不完。无知不为耻，不想学才可耻。一个今天等于两个明天。工作时就像你会活到一百岁似的，祈祷时就像你明天就要死似的。 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Poor Richard's Almanack The poor have little, beggars none, the rich too much, enough not one. He that lies down with Dogs, shall rise up with fleas. Men and melons are hard to know. Take this remark from Richard poor and lame. Whate'er's begun in anger ends in sham. No man e'er was glorious, who was not laborious. All things are easy to Industry. All things are difficult to sloth Would you persuade, speak of Interest, not Reason. Teach your child to hold his tongue, he'll learn fast enough to speak. He that cannot obey, cannot command. The magistrate should obey the Laws, the people should obey the magistrate. He that waits upon a Fortune, is never sure of a Dinner. A learned blockhead is a greater blockhead than an ignorant one. Keep thy shop, and thy shop will keep thee. Three may keep a secret if two of them are dead. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy wealthy and wise. To be humble to Superiors is Duty, to Equals Courtesy, to Inferiors Nobleness. If you know how to spend less than you get, you have the Philosophers Stone. Fish & Visitors stink in 3 days. He that has neither fools, whores nor beggars among his kindred, is the son of a thunder gust. Diligence is the Mother of Good Luck. He that lives upon Hope, dies farting. Do not do that which you would not have known. Wealth is not his that has it, vut his that enjoys it. Now I've a sheep and a cow, every body bids me good morrow. God helps them that help themselves. Don't throw stones at your neighbours, if you own windows are glass. Force shites upon Reason's Back Creditors have better memories than debtors. God heals, and the Doctor takes the Fees. The greatest monarch on the proudest throne, is oblig'd to sit upon his own arse. The nearest way to come at glory, is to do that for conscience which we do for glory. The noblest question in the world is, what good may I do in it? If you wou'd not be forgotten as soon as you are dead and rotten, Either write things worth reading. or do things worth the writing. Sell not virtue to purchase wealth, not Liberty to purchase power. The ancients tell us what is best; but we must learn of the moderns what is fittest. Drive thy Business, let not that drive thee. Each year one vicious habit rooted out, In Time might make the worst Man good throughout. Wink at small faults; remember thou has great ones. Eat to please thyself, but dress to please others. He that pays for Work before it's done, has but a pennyworth for twopence. Historians relate, not so much what is done, as what they would have believed. Let thy Child's first lesson be Obedience, and the second may be what thou wilt. Blessed is he that expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed. If thou injurest Conscience, it will have its Revenge on thee. Hear no ill of a Friend, nor speak any of an Enemy. Pay what you owe, and you'll know what's your own. Proclaim not all thou knowest, all thou owest, all thou hast, nor all thou canst. To bear other Peoples Afflictions, every one has Courage enough, and to spare. Happy that nation, fortunate that age, whose history is not diverting. A wolf eats sheep but now and then, Tem Thousands are devour'd by Men. Man's tongue is soft, and bone doth lack; Yet a stroke therewith may break a man's back. Fear to do ill, and you need fear nought else. Lend money to an Enemy, and thou'lt gain him, to a Friend and thou'lt lose him. Learn of the skilful; He that teaches himself hath a fool for his master. Let thy discontents be thy Secrets;--if the world knows them, 'twill despise thee and increase them. At 20 years of age the Will reigns; at 30 the Wit; at 40 the Judgment. He that hath a Trade, hath an Estate. Have you somewhat to do to-morrow; do it to-day. Men differ daily, about things which are subject to Sense, is it likely then they should agree about things invisible. Speak with contempt of none, from slave to king. The meanest Bee bath, and will use, asting. Tart Words make no Friends; a spoonful of honey will catch lore flies than a Gallon of Winegar. Make hast slowly. Beware of little Expences, a small Leak will sink a great ship. No gains without pains. Many complain of their Memory, few of their judgment. When the Well's dry, we know the Worth of Water. Good Sense is a Thing all need, few have, and none think they want. There is no Man so bad, but he secretly respects the Good. A good example is the best sermon. He that won't be counsell'd, can't be help'd. A Mob's a Monster; Heads enough, but no Brains. Life with Fools consists in Drinking; With the wise Man, Living's Thinking. Drink does not drown Care, but waters it, and makes it grow faster. Genius without education is like Silver in the Mine. Little Strokes, Fell great Oaks What signifies knowing the Names, if you know not the Nature of Things. Glass, China, and Reputation, are easily crack'd and never well mended. The Golden Age never was the present Age. Old Boys have their Playthings as well as young Ones; the Difference is only in the Price. Haste makes Waste. Love your Neighbour; yet don't pull down your Hedge. A Child thinks 20 Shillings and 20 Years can scarce ever be spent. Being ignorant is not so much a Shame, as being unwilling to learn. One To-day is worth two To-Morrows. Work as if you were to live 100 years, Pray as if you were to die To-morrow.