语法 v.-ing形式作状语 现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致;且必须与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系,分词表示的动作是次要动作。在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果、目的、让步等,这时它相当于一个状语从句。它的位置比较灵活,可以置于句首、句中或句末,有时用逗号分开,有时也不用,一般来说,作时间、原因或条件状语时,通常位于句子的前部;作方式、伴随或结果状语时,通常位于句子的后部。 知识要点 1. v.-ing作状语的用法 (1)用作时间状语时相当于when或while引导的从句。 例句:Hearing the news,they jumped with great joy.(=When they heard the news,they jumped with great joy.) 听到这个消息,他们高兴地跳了起来。 注意:如果要强调分词短语所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,分词短语前可用when或while等连词。 例句:While working in the factory(=While I was working in the factory),I learnt a lot from the workers.我在工厂工作期间,从工人那里学到了很多东西。 知识要点 (2)用作原因状语时相当于as,since,because引导的从句。 例句:Seeing nobody at home (=Because she saw nobody at home),she decided to leave them a note. 看到没人在家,她决定给他们留一张便条。 Not knowing where he lived (=As/Because he did not know where he lived),he had to return home to ask his mother. 不知道他住在哪里,他只有回家去问他母亲。 知识要点 (3)作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替换,但可以改成并列句。 例句:She sat at the desk reading a piece of newspaper. =She sat at the desk and read a piece of newspaper.她坐在桌边看报纸。(伴随) They came into the classroom,singing and laughing. =They came into the classroom and sang and laughed.他们说说笑笑地走进教室。(方式) 知识要点 (4)作条件状语时相当于if,unless引导的从句。 例句:Working hard (=If you work hard), you’ll succeed.如果你努力工作,你就会成功。 Turning to the right(=If you turn to the right), you will find a path leading to his cottage. 如果你往右拐,你会找到通往他农舍的路。 知识要点 (5)作结果状语时有时相当于so,so that等引导的从句。 例句:The poor old man died,leaving nothing to his children. 可怜的老人去世了,没有给孩子留下什么。 The child fell,striking his head against the door and cutting it.=The child fell so that he struck his head against the door and cut it. 那孩子摔了一跤,头在门上碰破了。 注意:现在分词作结果状语常指自然而然的结果,而不定式作结果状语时,和only连用时表示一种意想不到的结果。 例句:His father died,leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了,留给他一大笔钱。 He hurried to get to the station,only to find the film star had left. 他匆匆到达车站结果却发现那个影星已经离开了。 知识要点 (6)作让步状语时相当于though,although等引导的从句。 例句:Admitting what he said (Though I admitted what he said),I still think he hasn’t tried his best.尽管我承认他的话,我还是认为他没有尽全力。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature,thus ________ a favorable environment. A.creating B.created C.to create D.create 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:如果温度没有太大的变化,水能够吸进和释放出许多热量,这样就能创造一个舒适的环境。现在分词creating作结果状语,符合题意。 【答案】A 知识要点 ②Finally she got too tired and fell asleep at the desk,her right hand still ________ a pen. A.held B.to hold C.holding D.was holding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:最后她太累了趴在桌子上就睡着了,她的右手里仍旧握着钢笔。her right hand still holding a pen作状语,表示伴随状况。 【答案】C 知识要点 2. v.-ing形式的否定式 v.-ing形式的否定式通常是在-ing形式前加否定副词not。 例句:Not knowing what to do,he asked the teacher for advice. 因为不知道该做什么,他向老师请教。 知识要点 【链接训练】
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