高考英语一轮复习精品课件《Module 3 The violence of nature》（外研版必修3）_高考复习指南

高考英语一轮复习精品课件《Module 3 The violence of nature》（外研版必修3）

　　语法 1.过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态 (1)过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。用法如下： ①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生了的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”；这一过去时间可用by,at,before等构成的短语或when,after,until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。例句：By the time he was twelve,Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了12岁时，爱迪生已经开始自己谋生了。知识要点 ②表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去。常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。例句：He had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to Boston. 他搬到波士顿之前在纽约住了十年。 ③用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句。例句：If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天看见你，他就会问这件事了。知识要点 ④用在间接引语或宾语从句中。放在像said,told,thought,wondered等动词过去时的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的行为。例句：My friend told me that he had passed the exam. 我的朋友告诉我他已经通过了考试。 ⑤用在“It was the first/second time that...”句型中。此句型中主句用一般过去时，that引导的从句用过去完成时。例句：It was the first time (that) we had spoken together.这是我们第一次在一起说话。知识要点 (2)过去完成时的被动式表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成，且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。其结构为“主语＋had been done+其他”。 ①与by+过去时间搭配的被动语态用过去完成时。例句：By the time he got to the school，the first period had been finished. 当他赶到学校的时候，第一节课已经上完了。知识要点 ②在say，report，ask等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。例句：The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the hurricane. 媒体报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。 ③根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。例句：As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 因为作业已经完成，他上网查阅一些资料。知识要点【链接训练】 ①It was reported that Mr Smith ________ by the police for driving his car while drunk. A.killed B.had been shot C.caught D.had been caught 【解析】句意为：据报道，史密斯先生由于醉酒时开车，被警察逮捕了。catch发生在reported之前，故应用过去完成时。B项与语意不符。【答案】D 知识要点 ②I was shocked to hear that your house ________ into. A.was broken B.broke C.had been broken D.have been broken 【解析】首先break这个动作发生在was shocked之前，即过去的过去；又house与break into之间存在被动关系，故应该用过去完成时的被动语态，答案为C。【答案】C 知识要点 ③His earlier concert in Shanghai ________ a big success.It was the first time the Taiwan singer _________ a concert on the mainland. A.is;held B.was;held C.had been;would hold D.was;had held 【解析】句意为：他在上海举办的较早的音乐会取得了巨大的成功。这是台湾歌手第一次在大陆举办音乐会。由earlier可知his concert是在过去举办的，故使用一般过去时。在“It/This+is/was+the+序数词+time”引导的从句中常使用完成时态，由was可确定从句中谓语动词使用过去完成时，故答案为D。【答案】D 知识要点 ④The play ________ on for quite some time when we arrived at the New Theatre. A.had already been B.has already been C.was D.would be 【解析】句意为：当我们到达新剧院时，那个戏剧已开演了一段时间了。由句意可知be on发生在过去的动作arrived之前，故应用过去完成时，答案为A。【答案】A 知识要点 2.间接引语当句子从直接引语变为间接引语时，应特别注意各部分的变化。 (1)时态变化 ①若主句谓语动词为现在时，间接引语的动词时态不变。 ②若主句谓语动词为过去时的时候，间接引语动词的时态变化如下：现在时→过去时过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时→过去完成时注意：表示真理或客观事实，间接引语中谓语动词的时态不变。知识要点 (2)时间状语、地点副词、指示代词、动词的变化直接引语变为间接引语，某些代词、形容词、副词要发生变化。 now→thenago→before today→that day tomorrow→next dayhere→there this→that these→those come→gobring→take 知识要点 (3)人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语，人称代词要作相应的变动，使其与谓语动词的人称一致。 He said ,“I’m happy.” →He said that he was happy. 他说：“我很开心。”→他说他很开心。 (4)必要的连词 ①陈述句用that连接 ②一般疑问句用if或whether ③特殊疑问句用相应的特殊疑问词知识要点【链接训练】 ①You’re saying ________ everyone should be equal,and this is where I disagree. A.whether B.that C.what D.if 【解析】句意为：你说的众生平等，我不敢苟同。在转述别人所说的陈述句时，用that引导的名词性从句表示。whether/if引导的名词性从句用来转述一般疑问句，用what等疑问词引导的名词性从句来转述特殊疑问句。【答案】B 知识要点 ②I didn’t tell him _________. A.how long I have married B.when I had been married C.how long I had married D.when I got married 【解析】因为marry是短暂性动词，所以选项A、C表述错误；又因为when引导的从句变间接引语时，从句的时态不变，不需要改为过去完成时，所以选D。【答案】D 知识要点将下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语 ③“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in my diary,”said Anne. Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in her diary. ④“Where do you usually have lunch ?” he asked me. He asked me where I usually had lunch. Thank you ! 必修3 Module 3