常用过去完成时的几种情况:
1.在by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态,即“从过去到过去”。
When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.
3.表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ thought / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示,即:hoped / planned…+ to have done。
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.
【疑难点击】
1.表示“一……就……”的几个句型:
Hardly/scarcely…when (before)…
no sooner…than…
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
2.在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
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