脑部扫描结果显示,患有多动症的人的五个大脑区域较小。其中包括杏仁核,一种处理类似恐惧和愉悦的情感的杏仁状结构;海马在学习、记忆和情感中发挥作用;另外在纹状体中还有三个大脑区域---纹状体尾状核、壳核和伏隔核。在纹状体中的这些结构是大脑的奖励系统中的一部分,在它处理多巴胺的过程中,有一种神经递质能控制动机和情绪。
These differences were more dramatic in children than in adults, leading the study’s authors to conclude that ADHD involves delayed brain development. It appears that as the brains of people with ADHD develop and mature, these brain regions “catch up” to the brain regions of people without ADHD.
这些差异在儿童身上比成人显现得更具戏剧性,根据这项研究的作者得出的结论表明:患有多动症的人大脑发育较为迟缓。但当有多动症的人的大脑发育并逐渐成熟时,这些大脑区域的发展会“赶超”没有多动症的人。
At the time of the study, 455 of the participants with ADHD were taking psychostimulant medication like Adderall, and more than 600 others had taken psychostimulants in the past but were not currently on medication. Brain volume differences did not correlate with stimulant use, suggesting that such discrepancies were not a result of medication.
在研究期间,455名多动症患者服用了兴奋剂药物如Adderall,超过600人在以前服用过兴奋剂但现在未服药。脑容量的差异与使用兴奋剂并无关系,这表明这种差异并不是由于药物引起的。
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