There are countries like Ethiopia and Bolivia which did have a bit of coast but don't any more. Does it matter? The Ethiopians are not happy that the creation of Eritrea means they now have to use another country's port, when before they had a long coastline on the Red Sea.

　　But why does coastline matter so much? Throughout history people have preferred to live near the sea, and not just for the fish. Sea means trade, which means wealth. Think of the great successful cities like Singapore, New York or Hong Kong today. Russia has fought several wars over the centuries so that its ships could have access to the Baltic, the Black Sea and the Pacific.

　　________________

　　1.What have countries like Hungary, Botswana, Kazakhstan, Paraguay and Liechtenstein got in common?

　　A.They have no borders.

　　B.They have no coastline at all.

　　C.They are all surrounded by sea.

　　D.They had long coastlines before.

　　2.Which group of the following countries are doubly landlocked ones?

　　A.Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan.

　　B.Iceland and Madagascar.

　　C.Australia and the United Kingdom.

　　D.Austria and Switzerland.

　　3.Why does coastline matter so much?

　　A.Because sea means wealth.

　　B.Because people can eat fish.

　　C.Because borders are fixed all time.

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