Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

　　Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

　　1. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because

　　.

　　A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.

　　B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

　　C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

　　D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

　　2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?

　　A. Afraid.

　　B. Curious.

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