1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数形式动词。
2.the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形式动词。 典例5 Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who (wear)evening dress. 答案 wears 解析 句意:Barbara是唯一穿晚礼服的女性,所以认出她很容易。先行词为 the only one of the women,关系词在从句中作主语,先行词的中心词是the only one,从句谓语动词与之保持一致,用单数且表状态,故填wears。 知识清单 定语从句 一、限制性与非限制性定语从句 (一)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用;非限制性定语从句对先行词起补 充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中,先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。如: He has two sons,who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.) 他有两个儿子,他们在同一家公司上班。 He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.) 他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。 知识清单 1.关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略; 2.who(主语),whom(宾语),which(主语,宾语)不能用that代替,也不能互相替换; 3.在“介词+which/whom从句”结构中,介词不能移到从句的后面; 4.when,where,whose可用于非限制性定语从句中。 二、关系代词的用法 (一)关系代词的作用和分类 1.关系代词的作用有三个: (1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把从句和主句连接起来; (2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词; (3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。 (二)非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法 从句关系代词格 用于限制性和非 限制性定语从句 用于限制性定语从句 指人 指物 既指人又指物 主格词 who which that 宾格词 who(m) 属格词 whose/of whom whose/of which whose 2.关系代词的用法分类: 关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据: (1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性; (2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物; (3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语、表语或定语。 (二)关系代词that 和which的用法 1.限制性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that的情况: (1)当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing, none时。如: Do you have anything that you want to say? 你有什么要说的吗? You should hand in all that you have. 你应该把你有的都交上。 (2)当先行词前面有the only,the very(恰恰,正好),any,few,little,no,all等词修饰 时。如: This is the very bus that I'm waiting for. 这就是我正在等的公交车。 The only thing that we can do is(to)give you some money. 我们能做的唯一的事情就是给你一些钱。 (3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。如: This way is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。 This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 (4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。如: This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. 这是去苏州的最后一趟火车。 What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么? (5)当先行词既有人又有物时。如: Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗? (6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。如: Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车? Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁? (7)有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that。如: They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pol- lution. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂,这家工厂生产的东西可能会造成污染。 (8)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。如: Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 (1)在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that。如: Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which, of course, made the others envy him. 海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多,这一点当然让其他的儿子很嫉 妒。 (2)当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。如: This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介 词置于关系代词之前。如: This is the pen(which/that)I'm looking for. 2.当先行词指事/物时,定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况: 这是我正在寻找的那支钢笔。 不可以说:This is the pen for which I'm looking. (三)关系代词who,whom,that和whose的用法 当先行词指人:①关系词在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that,不可省略;②关系 词在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/who/that,可以省略;③关系词在定语从句中 作定语时,用whose,不可省略。如: She is the girl who/that lives next door.(关系词在定语从句中作主语)她就是住 在隔壁的女孩。 That's the girl (whom/who/that) I teach.(关系词在定语从句中作宾语)那就是我 教的女孩。 This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(关系词在定语从句中 作定语)这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。 This is the house whose window broke last night. =This is the house,the window of which broke last night. =This is the house,of which the window broke last night. 这就是昨晚窗户坏了的那所房子。 (四)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用which或whom,并且不能省 略。如: He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. 他付给那个男孩10美元擦洗10个窗户,这10个窗户中大部分至少一年没擦 了。 In the dark street,there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在黑暗的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。 2.在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物), that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。 如: This is the hero we are proud of. 这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。 This is the pen I wrote the letter with. 这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。 3.“介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常 与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。如: He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵高高的大树。 4.介词+which/whom+不定式结构。如: The poor man has no house in which to live. =The poor man has no house to live in. =The poor man has no house in which he can live. 那个穷人没房子住。 The beggar has no money with which to buy food. =The beggar has no money to buy food with. =The beggar has no money that he can buy food with. 那个乞丐没钱买吃的。 (五)关系代词as引导的定语从句 关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,as在 从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式: 1.
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