Researchers analyzing word－of－mouth communication—e－mails，Web posts and reviews, face－to－face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e－mailed” list for six months.One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles.He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

　　Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

　　1．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?

　　A．News reports.

　　B．Research papers.

　　C．Private e－mails.

　　D．Daily conversations.

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