2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题2 代词和介词（全国通用）_高考复习指南

2017届高考英语大一轮复习专题课件：专题2 代词和介词（全国通用）

　　going. 20.He died________the wound. 21.The old man died________hunger. 22.He was shaking________anger. 答案　18.at　19.for　20.from　21.of　22.with 五、几个高频介词的用法 1.against的用法含　义例　句反对；违背；与……相反 They got married against her parents’ wishes. 他们是违背她父母的意愿结婚的。触；碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠 Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree. 吉姆累了，背靠一棵大树便睡着了。与……竞争 We will be competing against the best companies in Europe. 我们要和欧洲的一些顶级公司竞争。防备，抵御 They took measures against the fire. 他们采取了防火措施。以……为背景，衬托 The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky. 在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。 2.beyond的用法含　义例　句超出；非……可及 The whole problem was quite beyond him. 整个问题他根本无法理解。 (在空间上)在……的那一边，远于 The airport is 20 miles beyond the town. 机场在离城镇二十英里外的地方。 (时间)晚于；迟于 The disco went on until beyond midnight. 迪斯科舞会一直持续到午夜以后。 3.by的用法含　义例　句 (在时间上)不迟于，在……之前 The documents need to be ready by next Friday. 文件需要在下周五前准备好。靠近，在……旁边/附近 On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire. 在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。 (3)the other, other, another, others the other the other指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one...the other...“一个……另一个……”，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的” other other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义 another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示 “另外的……(多少)” others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others I have two books；one is English, and the other is French. 我有两本书，一本是英语，另一本是法语。 Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search for goods from one store to another. 网上购物使人们不必从一家店到另一家店地寻找商品。 You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea. 你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。 Some wanted to see one programme while others preferred another.I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing... 一些人喜欢看一个节目，另一些人却喜欢看另外的节目。而我任何节目都看得很高兴，但是，其余人却花大量时间去争论…… 2.其他不定代词 (1)each，every的区别 ①each 表示两者或两者以上的“每一个”，强调“个体”，倾向于把整体分开来考虑，作代词或形容词，可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 Each of them has a mobile phone.(作主语) 他们每一个都有一部手机。 Each room can seat at least fifty people.(作定语) 每个房间至少能坐50人。 We each have a textbook.(作同位语) 我们每个人有一本教科书。代词each作同位语，谓语动词与主语we保持一致。 ②every指三者或三者以上的“每一个”，强调“全体”，暗示无一例外，在句中只能作定语。 Every student went to the Great Wall with their teachers last Sunday. 上周日全体师生去爬的长城。 (2)some、any的区别 some 用于肯定句；any则用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。any用于肯定句时，含义为“任何”。 Some of the milk has gone bad.有一些牛奶坏了。 I haven’t got any money on me.我身上没带钱。 You may choose any student to do the research. 你可以选择任何学生来做这项调查。 (3)many、much的区别 many用作不定代词时，替代可数名词复数；用作形容词时，修饰可数名词复数。much用作不定代词时，替代不可数名词；用作形容词时，修饰不可数名词。 Not many wanted to change their life in the town. 镇上想改变自己生活的人并不多。 Many people are present now. 现在有很多人在场。 The man didn’t say much about the accident. 那个男子对那起事故没有说太多。 He is a poor man；he doesn’t have much money. 他是个穷人，他的钱不多。 (4)few, a few, little, a little的区别 few 几乎没有，表否定，代替或修饰可数名词。 a few 几个，一些，表肯定，代替或修饰可数名词。 little 几乎没有，表否定，代替或修饰不可数名词。 a little 一点儿，表肯定，代替或修饰不可数名词。 few, a few 作主语修饰名词时，谓语动词用复数； little, a little 作主语修饰名词时，谓语动词用单数。代词的选用关键：分析句子逻辑关系作出正确判断 (1)代词表示的是两者还是多者？ (2)代词表示的是肯定还是否定意义？ 1.Look! ________of his hands is covered with muddy.What a naughty boy! 2.Look! ________of his hands are covered with muddy.What a naughty boy! 3.________