附录Ⅱ：构词法 Word formation 在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。 1.合成(Compounding) 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如： blackboard　nightfall　fantasyland　cowboy　everywhere　somewhere　however　whatever　wherever　maybe　newspaper　playground　backbone　broadcast

　　sunburn　overthrow　snowstorm　anyone　myself　eggplant　reading-room　bus-driver　man-made　blue-eyed　passer-by　worn-out　up-to-date　easy-going　part-time　bus stop　post office　ice cream　car park

　　human rights　grass roots

　　2.转化(Conversion) 一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。如： 1)taste(v.)→taste(n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste. 2)hand(n.)→hand(v.) Let's go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class. 3)clean(adj.)→clean(v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room every day. 4)shade(n.)→shade(v.) She is sitting in the shade of a big tree. She shaded her eyes against the sun.

　　词性转化后，有的单词读音会发生变化。如： 1)use/juːs/(n.)→use/juːz/(v.) The use of too much chemical fertilizer leads to serious problems. May I use your pencil? 2)present/'preznt/(n.)→present/prI'zent/(v.) She gave a very special present for my birthday. Large classes present great problems to many teachers. 3)transport/'trænspɔːt/(n.)→transport/træns'pɔːt/(v.) Horses were the only means of transport in those days. The goods were transported to Beijing. 4)increase/'Ikriːs/(n.)→increase/In'kriːs/(v.) She is hoping for a wage increase. The population has increased greatly.

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