专题六　情态动词和虚拟语气

　　2016～2017年各省市高考题(改编)A卷　全国卷

　　单句语法填空/单句改错

　　1．(2016·全国，阅读A)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School in 1952, she ________not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.

　　答案　could[根据句意：当桑德拉在法律学习毕业之后，因为她是女人，没能在法律公司找到工作。]

　　2．(2016·全国，短文改错)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.________

　　答案　chose→choose　[考查动词原形。根据语法知识可知，情态动词can后要用

　　3．(2016·全国，短文改错)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.________

　　答案　去掉can或can→should　[考查固定表达。suggest表示“建议”，后面的宾语从句要用should do形式，should可以省略，故答案有两

　　4．(2017·全国大纲，30)Although you________find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.

　　答案　can　[本题考查情态动词，根据句意：“尽管你在伦敦可能发现便宜货，它总起来说还不是一个购物的便宜去处。”可知，表示可能性，故用can

　　5．(2017·全国大纲，26)Since nobody gave him any help, he ________have done the research on his own.

　　答案　must　[根据上下文意思：“既然没人给他任何帮助，他一定是自己做的研究工作。”可知，此处为肯定的猜测，用must have done。]

　　6．(2017·全国，29)The door________open, no matter how hard she pushed.

　　答案　wouldnt　[考查情态动词would的特殊用法，此处表示功能的丧失，根据上下文应用过去时。]

　　7．(2017·全国，31)I________use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.

　　答案　neednt　[本题考查情态动词，根据上下文此处表示没有必要，故选neednt。]

　　8．(2017·全国，短文改错)I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.________

　　答案　must→could/might　[此处指的是有此种可能性，不是必须。]

　　9．(2017·全国，17)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I________find the money.

　　答案　can　[此处表示具备此种能力。]

　　B卷　地方卷

　　Ⅰ.在下列各句中填入适当的情态动词

　　1．(2016·北京，31)I love the weekend, because I________get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.

　　答案　neednt　[考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。]

　　2．(2016·浙江，17)George ________(go) too far .His coffee is still warm.

　　答案　cant have gone　[考查情态动词。句意：乔治不可能已经走得太远。can’t have done表示对过去否定的推测，意为“不可能做了……”。]

　　3．(2015·北京，29)—Cant you stay a little longer?

　　—It’s getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone.

　　答案　must　[句意：—要黑了，我真的现在必须走了，我的女儿独自呆在家里。must必须。]

　　4．(2015·浙江，4)It was so noisy that we ________ not hear ourselves speak.

　　答案　could　[句意：太吵闹了，我们连自己说的话都听不到。can/could表示“能力，能够”。根据前面的wascould。]

　　5．(2015·重庆，12)You ________ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.

　　答案　must　[句意：你一定是Carol，这些年以来你一点都没变。must “一定，”表示推测，符合句意。]

　　6．(2015·陕西，21)You ________feel all the training a waste of time，but Im a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.

　　答案　may　[句意：你也许会认为所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百地保证你以后会感激你所做的事情。考查情态动词。根据后文的描述可以看出此处培训还

　　7．(2015·四川，2)You ________ be careful with the camera.It costs!

　　答案　must　[考查情态动词。句意：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。]

　　8．(201527)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

　　—Oh, it’s too bad.You ________ have made full preparations.

　　答案　should　[句意：——很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。——噢，真是太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。考查情态动词＋have done的意义。根据上句的面试又失败了，可知是对过去事实的虚拟。should have done本应该做但是没有做。]

　　9．(2015·天津，7)I ________have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.

　　答案　neednt　[句意：在来到新学校前我本不必担心，因为在新学校我的同班同学对needn’t have done...本不必做的事做了。]

　　10．(2017·北京，27)________ I have a word with you? It wont take long.

　　答案　Can

　　11．(2017·湖南，25)—Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.

　　—Do you mean we________ (not)bring anything with us?

　　答案　neednt

　　12．(2017·江苏，31)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________bring me food.

　　答案　should

　　13．(2017·江西，30)Life is unpredictable；even the poorest ________become the richest.

　　答案　might

　　14．(2017·四川，5) —Why are your eyes so red? You ________

　　have slept well last night.

　　—Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.

　　答案　cant

　　15．(2017·重庆，25)—________you interrupt now? Cant you see I’m on the phone?

　　—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.

　　答案　Must　[考查情态动词。句意：——你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你没有看到我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，事情很急。根据语境应填must，表“非要，硬要”。]

　　Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空

　　1．(2016·北京，34)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ (tell) me, I could have helped.

　　答案　had told　[考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我，我能够帮助你。根据last week可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟。根据主句谓语动词could have done可知，从句应用过去完成时had done。]

　　2．(2016·江苏，27)If it________(not be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.

　　答案　had not been　[考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，再结合时间状语the other day可知，这是发生在过去的行为，故if 句要用过去完成时。]

　　3．(2016·浙江，15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS－related deaths ________(not fall) since their highest in 2005.

　　答案　would not have fallen　[考查虚拟语气。句意：如果各 2005 年的最高水平降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟。当主句是would have done。]

　　4．(2015·北京，34)If I ________(see)it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.

　　答案　hadnt seen　[句意：如果不是亲眼看到，我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词wouldnt have believed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟，虚拟条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时。]

　　5．(2015·重庆，7)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ________(write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

　　答案　wouldnt have written　[句意：要是没有战争经历的话，海明威就不会写出他著名的小说《永别了，武器》。根据句中的without his wartime experiences可知描述的是过去的事情，对过去的假设主句部分用would/could/should/might＋have done。根据句意要用否定形式，故答案为wouldnt have written。]

　　6．(2015·陕西，23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance)as well as her.

　　答案　danced　[句意：艾伦是一位出色的舞者，我希望我能像他跳得那么好。考查虚拟语气。wish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气，从句中用did表示对现在事实的虚拟。]

　　7．(2015·天津，13)I wish I ________(be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.

　　答案　had been　[句意：我希望上个星期二我出席了姐姐的婚礼，但那时我正在纽约出差中。考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句要

　　8．(2015·安徽，32)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________(have)nowhere to stay now.

　　答案　would have　[句意：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。考查虚拟语气。引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would＋动词原形。]

　　9．(2017·北京，34)We ________(be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.

　　答案　would be

　　10．(2017·湖南，22)If Mr.Dewey________(be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

　　答案　had been

　　11．(2017·陕西，23)We would rather our daughter________(stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.

　　答案　stayed

　　12．(2017· 陕西，12)My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend.

　　答案　should

　　13．(2017· 天津，14)If he had spent more time practicing English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.

　　答案　would be　[本题考查虚拟语气。 句意：要是以前他能多花些时间练had done，而主句则是对现在(now)事实的一种假设，所以用would do。]

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