4.(2015·新课标卷Ⅱ)The “walls” are now cold enough ________ (cool) the house. 解析:本句符合“be+adj.+enough+to do”结构,不定式作结果状语。 5.(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ______________ (disappoint). 解析:考查过去分词。过去分词转换的形容词常常用来形容人或者与人有关的事物。本句的主语是some of them,所以使用过去分词转换的形容词作表语。 to cool
disappointed
6.(2017·新课标卷Ⅰ)It took years of work __________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 解析:句意:要用多年的工作才能减少工业污染并净化河流。在It takes time to do sth.句式中,it为形式主语,指代后面真正的主语to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water。 7.(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ)I heard a passenger behind me shouted to the driver, but he refused ________ (stop) until we reached the next stop. 解析:句意:司机拒绝停车直到下一个车站。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。 8.(2017·辽宁卷)Keep ____________ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. 解析:keep doing sth.“继续做某事”。keep后接动名词作宾语。 to reduce
to stop
holding
在语法填空题中,若句中已有谓语动词,且所给动词也不是作并列谓语时,要填的词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式,v.-ed形式还是不定式。确定的方法主要有: 1.作主语或宾语,通常用v.-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。 2.作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。 3.作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v.-ing),若是被动关系,用过去分词(v.-ed)。 1.(2015·新课标卷Ⅱ短文改错)After looks at the toys for some time, he turned around. 答案与解析:looks→looking after是介词,后接动名词。 2.(2015·陕西卷短文改错)I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits. 答案与解析:just后加to 本句已有谓语might have to retire,故应用不定式to get表目的。 3.(2015·四川卷短文改错)We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. 答案与解析:sing→singing spend some time (in) doing sth.“花时间做某事”,故将sing改为singing。 4.(2015·浙江卷短文改错)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. 答案与解析:sit→sitting enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”,故将sit改为sitting。 5.(2017·辽宁卷短文改错)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside. 答案与解析:understanding→understand it is difficult to do sth.“做某事很困难”是固定句式。 6.My father wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. 答案与解析:wanted后加to want to do sth.“想要做某事”,故加to。 7.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. 答案与解析:have→having 分析句子结构可知,have与句子主语为主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作伴随状语,故将have改为having。 8.Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers.(2处错误) 答案与解析:asking→asked; 去掉第2个to ask为谓语,故将asking改为asked, let sb. do sth.为固定用法,故去掉her后面的to。 短文改错常设误点: 1.不定式符号to的多余与缺失 ①感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后面用不带to的不定式作宾补。 ②want, decide, plan等动词后应接带to的不定式作宾语。 2.谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用 句中已有谓语动词,且另一动词不作并列谓语,则只能用非谓语动词。 3.过去分词与现在分词的错用 ①区分过去分词与现在分词的意义。 ②现在分词转化成的形容词,表“令人……的”,常修饰物;过去分词转化成的形容词表“感到……的”,常修饰人。 4.对to是介词还是不定式符号的误判 ①不定式符号to后接动词原形。 ②含有介词to的短语,如look forward to, add to后接动名词形式。
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