(1)would have been是虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反的假设。without引导的介词短语表示含蓄虚拟条件,相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句。既可表示与现在事实相反的假设,又可表示与过去事实相反的假设。
①Without his suggestion, I wouldn't_have_finished the project on time.
没有他的建议,我不可能按时完成这个项目。
(2)含蓄虚拟条件句还可以用but for, otherwise, or, but等词(或词组)来引导。
②He fled away, or/otherwise he would have been killed.
→He fled away, and if he hadn't fled away, he would_have_been_killed.
他逃走了,否则,他会丧命的。
③But for the encouraging cheers from the audience, our team couldn't_have_won such an important match.
要不是观众们鼓舞人心的欢呼,我们队不可能赢得这么重要的比赛。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1.单句语法填空/句型转换
①Having_waited (wait) in the queue for a long time, he realized that he had left his wallet at home.
②It's ashamed of him to have got so much help from others but give none to society in return.
③His daughter looked such a mess that he was ashamed of her.
④Put everything belonging (belong) to you in your bag, not others.
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