Alfred left Russia at the age of 18. After spending a year in Paris studying chemistry, he moved to the United States. After five years, he returned to Russia and began working in his father’s factory. In 1859, the company closed down. The family moved back to Sweden, and Alfred soon began experimenting with explosives. In 1864, a huge explosion in the family’s Swedish factory killed five people, including Alfred’s younger brother Emil. Dramatically affected by the event, Nobel set out to develop a safer explosive. In 1867, he produced what he named “Dynamite(炸药).”
In 1888, Alfred’s brother Ludvig died while in France. A French newspaper mistakenly published Alfred’s obituary(讣告)instead of Ludvig’s, and condemned Alfred for his invention of dynamite. Annoyed by the event and disappointed with how he felt he might be remembered, Nobel set aside a large part of his estate(遗产) to establish the Nobel Prizes to honor men and women for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine and literature, and for working toward peace. Sweden’s central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, established the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1968 in honor of Alfred Nobel.
He died on December 10, 1896, in Italy, leaving 31,225,000 Swedish kronor to fund the Nobel Prizes.
21. When did Alfred Nobel return from the USA and begin working in his father’s factory?
A. In 1851.
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