D. Strange ways of sales.

　　31. The passage is most likely written to

　　.

　　A. general readers

　　B. new salesmen

　　C. window makers D. new graduates

　　11.Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture. From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.

　　Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “winter time”starting on October 36.

　　Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year’s Eve, Russians have the world’s latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 am.

　　Russians also get up an hour later on International Women’s Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.

　　Similarly, Americans’ late nights late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends.

　　Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey(冰球）final.

　　The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation(剥夺）, The worst night for sleep in the U.K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 15. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.

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