为他们感到骄傲 the key to the question
问题的答案 a medicine for cough
治咳嗽的药 the ticket for tomorrow
明天的票 2.核心介词用法归纳与辨析 (1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。 表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、季、月、周等,一般用介词in,如:in the 1990s,in the year,in January,in (the) winter/summer/fall/spring,in the first week of May。 还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:in a while,in no time,in the daytime,in a short while,in time,in the morning(afternoon,evening)。 注意:①at night/at noon,in the day(在白天),in the night(在夜间)。 ②in five days(weeks,months,years)中in意为“在……以后”。 (2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。 on Sunday(s),on Tuesday morning on Christmas Day(但at Christmas),on Christmas Eve,on Children’s Day on March 8,on the morning(afternoon,evening) of Oct.1 early on the morning of Oct.1(区别:in the late/early morning of Oct.1)
on a rainy night,on warm winter days (3)表示某一时刻或某一时间点用at,如小时、分钟等。 at breakfast(supper,lunch),at six at noon(sunrise,sunset,midday,night,midnight,dawn) at the age of 15,at the time of war(但in time of danger/trouble) 注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。 next day,last Sunday,that morning,these years one,each,any,every,some,all修饰时间名词时,一般不用介词,如some day,one day,all afternoon。 (4)till,until的用法。 till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。 He waited for me till twelve o’clock. He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m. 注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。 Not until 9 a.m. did Mr.Smith come back to school. (5)in,later,after的用法。 ①in+一段时间:表示说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。 ②一段时间+later(later是副词):表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。 ③after+一段时间:表示“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after+点时间,用于各种时态。 The doctor will be with us in six minutes. She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory. He received her letter after four weeks. 另外,in+一段时间+’s+time与within+一段时间的用法如下: in a week’s time=in a week They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用) My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.(作表语) I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within=in less than...用于各种时态,意为“不超出,在……之内”) (6)地点介词at,on,in,to,off,across,through,over,above,under,below。 ①at 在较小的场所,in在较大的场所,on在……的平面上。如at the airport,at the station,at 55 Park Street,in China,in the north,in Asia,on the desk,on the wall等。 ②on,at,in,off还可以表示两地的相对位置。若A地属于B地,用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接,用on;无边缘的衔接,用to;A在B附近,用off。 Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外) Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.(范围之内) Hunan Province lies on the west of Hubei Province.(毗邻) The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离) ③across在物体表面“穿过”;through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。 They walked across the playground. I walked through the forest. ④over,above译作“在……之上”;under,below译作“在……的下面”,其区别在于over,under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系;而above,below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”,不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。 A little boat is now under the bridge. There is a bridge over the river. The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线). The window is well above the tree. (7)表示方式、手段、工具的介词。 ①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如:He rents a house by the year(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称,但to the pound按磅算,to the ton按吨计)。 ②表泛指的方式、手段 by post/mail邮寄,by telephone(radio)(但on the phone/on the radio/on TV),by electricity用电,by machinery用电器,by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescope 交通工具类 by bus/train/car/taxi by bike/bicycle,on horseback/foot by plane/jet/spaceship/air by ship/boat/lifeboat/sea/water 另外:by means of 用……方法,by way of 经由,取道于;用……方法,with the help(permission) of sb./with sb.’s help(permission)。 ③表方式、手段的其他用法 He beat the dog with a stick.(with+工具/器械) One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官,但by hand手工,用手) He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词) 注意:使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如:in English(ink,pencil)。 (8)表示“除……之外”的常用词。 ①besides 除……以外(还有)。作副词时意为“而且,更何况”。 There will be five of us for dinner,besides John. It was too late to see a film,and besides,I was tired. ②except除去,除……之外(不再有)。 We all went except John. 注意:在否定句中,besides与except可以换用。 He has no other hats except/besides this one. ③except for除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明),后接名词、代词或what从句,此时与“except that+句子”意思相同。 He was very clever except for carelessness. ④except that...除了……一点以外。 He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses. ⑤but与except but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用,但应注意以下三点: (A)前面有不定代词、疑问代词在意义上对称时,多用but。 All but one are here. Nobody but I likes making model ships. (B)后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but。 He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to) (C)but与一些固定结构连用。 have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事,can not but do sth.不得不做某事,can not help but do sth.不得不做某事,but for...若不是…… (9)between与among between通常指两者之间,也可以用于三者或三者以上的每两者之间的相互关系。 Ann is between Tom and Bill. Switzerland lies between France,Germany,Australia and Italy. They soon finished the work between themselves.(共同,合作) She was busy between cooking,washing,sewing and looking after the baby.(表示接连不断地,一个接一个地忙这忙那) A horse can be seen between trees now. among表示三者以上之间。 The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills. He was happy to be among friends again. We must agree among ourselves.(一起,共同) London is among the largest cities.(=one of与最高级连用), (10)表原因的介词(短语)for,because of,due to。 He didn’t come to the meeting because of his illness. The reason for his coming late is that he was ill. He was praised for his bravery and courage. The accident is due to your careless driving. (11)不定式复合结构中的for,of。 这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for 或of加上人或事,作动词不定式逻辑主语的结构。 It is clever of you to answer it like that. It is quite hard for me to explain why. 注意:it is+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.中,如果表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与面貌时用of;如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等时则用for。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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