1.非谓语动词作状语
(1)不定式作状语
①表示目的
I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.
②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,动词不定式前常加only。
George returned after the war,only to be told that his wife had left him.
(2)现在分词作状语
①一般式doing
表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,与句子的主语是主动关系。
The sun began to rise in the sky,bathing the mountain in golden light.
②完成式having done
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
I got to the office earlier that day,having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington.
③被动式having been done
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,与句子的主语是被动关系。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义,非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)
(3)过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时,与句子主语之间是被动关系。
Seen from the top of the mountain,the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)
Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful.(主动关系)
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