The policy gave free coal to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai River, which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for the 1950­1980 period, and, though stopped after 1980, it has left a practice in the north of heavy coal burning.

　　The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended(悬浮)particulates. The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies from 1991­2000. They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter — or 50 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.

　　The researchers said the difference in life expectancies was almost entirely due to an increased incidence of deaths classified as cardiorespiratory(心肺的) — those from causes that have previously been linked to air quality, including heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.

　　The authors said their analysis suggests that every additional 100 micrograms of particulate matter per cubic meter in the atmosphere lowers life expectancy at birth by about three years.

　　1. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

　　A. China provided free coal for heating in North China.

　　B. People in North China live shorter than those in South China.

　　C. Coal burning shortens life spans in northern China.

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