fact, our DNA plays a bigger role in influencing these traits (characteristics) than our upbringing (儿童期的教养) and the company we keep.

　　Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure, say the Edinburgh University researchers.

　　They questioned more than 800 pairs of twins about

　　their attitudes to life to tease apart the influences of nature

　　and nurture. Comparing identical twins, who share all their

　　DNA and their upbringing, with non­identical twins, who

　　have a shared background but are no more genetically alike

　　than other brothers and sisters, is a technique often used

　　by researchers to quantify the influence of genetics.

　　The results, published in the Journal of Personality,

　　showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle,

　　with self­control particularly etched (铭刻) into our DNA.

　　Our genes also largely determine how determined and persistent we are. This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone_who_throws_in_the_towel_at_the_first_hiccough.

　　Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, “Ever since the ancient Greeks, people have debated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life. Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously, the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people's ideas about what affected psychological well­being. However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics.”

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