C

　　(2017·河南洛阳高三期末)

　　Some people are happy to believe in ESP (第六感觉) while others are firm disbelievers.

　　Parapsychologists, who lend a certain seriousness to the subject, have identified four types of ESP: clairvoyance describes the act of being able to obtain knowledge of a person or event without the use of the normal senses; telepathy is the process by which a person is able to read another person's thoughts without the use of any of the normal senses; psychokinesis is the ability to influence a physical object just by thinking about it; precognition is the term applied when somebody is able to foresee future events.

　　Over the years there have been many ESP experiments conducted by serious scientists in serious institutions. Joseph Banks Rhine, a botanist at Duke University published a famous book in 1934 called “Extra­Sensory Perception” in which he claimed to have overwhelming (压倒性的) evidence of ESP. However, other scientists have been unable to repeat his results exactly in the same way, which has resulted in the book losing much of its original reliability(可靠性)．

　　The Granzfield experiments are considered to have been the most carefully examined ESP experiments.The experimenters had their eyes covered and ears blocked while a “sender” attempted to transmit messages.Later the experimenters would compare the messages received to the original messages sent out.There was a great deal of excitement and interest at the time but the research failed to produce convincing results.

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