2016高考英语人教新课标一轮复习必修5Unit1练习及答案（基础）_高考复习指南

2016高考英语人教新课标一轮复习必修5Unit1练习及答案（基础）

　　高三英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great Scientists练习新人教版必修5

　　Ⅰ.语法单句填空

　　1．(2011·四川改编)—I hope to take the computer course.

　　—Good idea.________(find) out more about it, visit this website.

　　答案：To find　本题考查非谓语动词。句意：——我希望能上电脑课。——好主意。要想了解更多，浏览这个网站。动词不定式放于句首，作目的状语，符合语境。

　　2．________73yearold woman, who died of respiratory failure on Dec. 6, was confirmed to have been carrying ________H10N8 virus.

　　答案：A; the　考查冠词。句意：12月6日，一位73岁的妇女死于呼吸衰竭，她被确诊携带H10N8病毒。第一空填不定冠词表泛指；第二空填定冠词表特指。

　　3．Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when ________(expose) to sunlight.

　　答案：exposed　考查非谓语动词。句意：处理该化学物质时一定要小心，因为暴露在阳光下，它会爆炸。when后省略了句子的主语it(this chemical)和动词be的形式is，所以选D项。

　　4．Some school teachers complained, “Many kids haven't got any hobbies— ________ you call playing computer games a hobby.”

　　答案：unless　考查连词。句意：一些老师抱怨说“许多孩子没有任何爱好，除非你把打电脑游戏叫做一项爱好”。

　　5．To be honest, no speech ________(make) so far has had the same effect on me as this one.

　　答案：made　考查非谓语动词做后置定语。观察句子结构，不难发现句子已经有了谓语has had effect on，故应填入非谓语动词。make与speech构成被动关系结合时间状语so far，故选过去分词，即表被动又表完成。句意：老实说，迄今为止，这是对我最有影响的演讲。

　　6．Land used to grow crops feeds five times more people than land ________animals are kept.

　　答案：where　考查学生对定语从句关系代词、关系副词的掌握情况。句意：用来种庄稼的土地养活的人口数量比放牧牲口的土地所供养的人口数量要多五倍。先行词为land，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故选关系副词where。

　　7．(2017·陕西改编)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.

　　答案：that　本题考查定语从句。句意：请把所有申请这个职位的选手的信息发给我们。先行词为information在定语从句中充当动词have的宾语，且前有all修饰，故只能用that。

　　8．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, ________(absorb) in conversation.

　　答案：absorbed　考查非谓语动词。句意：当他三个小时后回来时，他们仍坐在沙发上，聚精会神地交谈。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意为“专心于”，所以此处应用absorb的过去分词形式，作伴随状语。

　　9．—Who is ________(blame) for the shooting at a movie theatre in America?

　　—A gunman named James Eagan Holmes.

　　答案：to blame　问句句意：谁要为发生在美国电影院的枪击案负责？be to blame为固定短语，意为“该受责备”。本身为被动含义，不用于被动语态。

　　10．(2017·大连一中第三次月考)________(reduce) the gap between the rich and the poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.

　　答案：Reducing　句意：缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要挑战之一。

　　.阅读理解

　　(2017·合肥市第一次质检)

　　For the first time, researchers have discovered that some plants can kill insects in order to get additional nutrients. New research shows that they catch and kill small insects with their own sticky hairs near the roots and then absorb nutrients through their roots when the insects are killed and fall to the ground.

　　Professor Mark Chase, of Kew and Queen Mary, University of London, said: “The cultivated (改良的) tomatoes and potatoes still have the hairs. Tomatoes in particular are covered with these sticky hairs. They do trap small insects on a regular basis. They do kill insects.”

　　The number of these carnivorous plants is thought to have come up to 50 percent and many of them have until now been wrongly regarded as among the most harmless plants. Among them are species of petunia(矮牵牛), some special tobacco plants and cabbages, some varieties of potatoes and tomatoes, etc. Researchers at Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, which carried out the study, now believe there are hundreds more killer plants than previously realized.

　　It is thought that the technique was developed in the wild to get necessary nutrients in poor quality soil—and even various plants grown in your vegetable garden still have the ability.

　　The researchers, publishing their finding in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, said: “We may be surrounded by many more murderous plants than we think.” “We are accustomed to thinking of plants as being immobile and harmless, and there is something deeply frightening about the thought of meateating plants，” they added.

　　文章大意：最新研究发现：为了获得营养，很多植物都是昆虫杀手。

　　1．Tomatoes and potatoes kill insects to ________.

　　A．get more sticky hairs

　　B．make themselves grow better

　　C．make their roots stronger

　　D．avoid falling down to the ground

　　答案：B　细节理解题。由第一段第一句话“...some plants can kill insects in order to get additional nutrients.”可知，这些植物杀手杀死昆虫的目的是获得营养，当然是为了让它们自己长得更好。

　　2．The word “carnivorous” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.

　　A．fastgrowing B．harmless

　　C．insectkilling D．nutritious

　　答案：C　猜测词义题。由画线词前面的these可知，此处指的是前面提到的“杀死昆虫”的植物。

　　3．The insectkilling technique of vegetables is

　　developed most probably through ________.

　　A．evolution of species

　　B．helps from other garden plants

　　C．artificial cultivation

　　D．nutrients preserved in rich soil

　　答案：A　细节理解题。由第四段“It is thought that the technique was developed in the wild to get necessary nutrients in poor quality soil”可知，植物的这种技能是长期物种进化的结果。

　　4．The text is probably taken from ________.

　　A．a student book B．a science fiction

　　C．a scientific report D．a bulletin board

　　答案：C　推理判断题。由文章第一段“For the first time, researchers have discovered that...”和最后一段“The researchers, publishing their finding in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society...”可推知，本文是一篇科学研究报告。

　　Ⅲ.完形填空

　　Education from My Father

　　My memories of my father are slim because he was so sick in the last years of his life. But there are

　　__1__

　　that I am often reminded of and which may have had some bearing on my love of

　　__2__.

　　When I was small I was somewhat

　　__3__

　　of lightning and thunder. My father explained it. The explanation was in

　　__4__

　　that a child could understand but was basically correct. I gained a better

　　__5__

　　later, but I didn't have to unlearn anything.

　　What he said was that there was electricity in the clouds

　　__6__

　　it travelled to the ground like a spark. When it travelled

　　__7__

　　the air it made the air so hot that it

　　__8__. Then there was nothing where the air had been and the air all around rushed in to

　　__9__

　　the space. He clapped his hands together very loud,

　　__10__

　　to be the air rushing in, and said that makes the thunder. When I hear thunder, I can still hear that

　　__11__.

　　He explained why if it was cloudy in the winter the night was warmer than if it was

　　__12__.

　　It was one of those nights when the sky was full of stars: no moon, no town lights. But there were more stars than you could

　　__13__

　　and they had color too. He said that if there were no clouds, we had no blankets and were

　　__14__

　　to the universe. Our warmth was going to

　　__15__

　　the whole universe. When there were clouds, they were like blankets and we were not exposed to the universe. I

　　__16__

　　feel on the edge of space on a very clear night.

　　I am sure there were many other lessons that I

　　__17__

　　but no longer remember. What I did

　　__18__， in general, was that there were explanations and that the more I understood them, the more comfortable the world was to live in. I was not taught that there were

　　__19__

　　but that there was understanding if you looked for it. This may be why I have always been

　　__20__

　　in science.

　　文章大意：作者对于逝去父亲的记忆很少。但是父亲曾经用通俗易懂的方式来教育自己，作者现在仍然记忆犹新，是父亲的教育激发了作者对于科学的极大兴趣。

　　1．A.others B．few

　　C．some D．all

　　答案：C　考查代词词义辨析。根据上文可知，作者对于父亲的记忆比较少，但仍有令作者记忆深刻的一些。由此可知，C选项与语境相符。故答案选C。

　　2．A.science B．nature

　　C．weather D．universe

　　答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。根据文章最后一段最后一句“This may be why I have always been ________ in science”可知，此处指的是科学。因此，空白处应该使用“science”。故答案选A。

　　3．A.sure B．fond

　　C．tired D．afraid

　　答案：D　考查形容词词辨析。作者小时候有点害怕闪电和雷声。D选项与此相符。故答案选D。

　　4．A.depth B．words

　　C．gestures D．data

　　答案：B　考查名词词义辨析。作者父亲的解释使用了孩子能够理解的词语。A表示“深度，深处”；B表示“词，单词”；C表示“姿势，手势”；D表示“资料，数据”。由此可知，B选项与语境相符。故答案选B。

　　5．A.understanding

　　B．knowledge

　　C．command D．confidence

　　答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。作者后来对此有了更好的理解。A表示“了解；理解，领会；认识”；B表示“知识，学识”；C表示“命令，指挥”；D表示“自信；信任；信心”。A选项符合语境。故答案选A。

　　6．A.but B．and

　　C．for D．or

　　答案：B　考查连词的用法。作者的父亲说云中有电，电像火花一样传到地面。根据语境及句子前后的逻辑关系可知，空白处应该使用“and”。故答案选B。

　　7．A.above B．to

　　C．along D．through

　　答案：D　考查介词词义辨析。此处表示的是光穿过空气。四个选项均为介词，其中“through”意为“穿过”，符合语境。故答案选D。

　　8．A.shone B．burned

　　C．expanded D．broke

　　答案：B　考查动词词义辨析。光穿过的时候，使空气如此热，以至于空气燃烧起来。由此并结合选项的词义可知，B项符合语境。故答案选B。

　　9．A.fill B．make

　　C．avoid D．break

　　答案：A　考查动词词义辨析。空气燃烧完之后，周围的空气涌过来并填满了这一空间。由此可知，空白处应该使用“fill”。故答案选A。

　　10．A.trying B．proving

　　C．hoping D．pretending

　　答案：D　考查动词词义辨析。作者的父亲大声拍手来假装空气的涌入，说这样就产生了雷声。D选项与语境相符合。故答案选D。

　　11．A.clap B．remark

　　C．voice D．crash

　　答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。每当听到雷声时，作者就感觉听到了父亲的掌声。由此可知，A选项符合语境。故答案选A。

　　12．A.cold B．bright

　　C．clear D．foggy

　　答案：C　考查形容词词义辨析。作者的父亲解释为什么在冬天的晚上阴天比晴天暖和。由此并结合前半句中的“cloudy”可知，空白处应该使用“clear”。故答案选C。

　　13．A.explore B．foresee

　　C．imagine D．identify

　　答案：C　考查动词词义辨析。天上的星星比想象的要多。A表示“推测，探勘，探险”；B表示“预见，预知”；C表示“想象，设想”；D表示“确认；识别；鉴定”。由此并结合选项的词义可知，C选项符合语境。故答案选C。

　　14．A.committed

　　B．exposed

　　C．related D．led

　　答案：B　考查动词词义辨析。没有云彩时，我们没有遮盖物，暴露于宇宙中。A表示“犯(罪)，做(错事等)”；B表示“使暴露于；揭露”；C表示“有关，涉及”；D表示“引导，领导”。由此可知，B选项符合语境。根据下文的“we were not exposed”也可知答案。

　　15．A.heat B．protect

　　C．extend D．light

　　答案：A　考查动词词辨析。没有云彩时，我们的温暖将会对整个宇宙供热。A选项表示“把……加热，使暖”，符合语境。故答案选A。

　　16．A.ever B．also

　　C．even D．still

　　答案：D　考查副词词义辨析。现在作者在晴天的夜晚仍然有这种感觉。由此可知，空白处应该使用“still”。故答案选D。

　　17．A.selected B．arranged

　　C．absorbed D．delivered

　　答案：C　考查动词词义辨析。作者相信有很多别的课，自己曾经理解过。“absorbed”表示“汲取；理解；使全神贯注”，符合语境。故答案选C。

　　18．A.consider B．promise

　　C．explain D．learn

　　答案：D　考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，此处表示的是作者所学习到的。因此，空白处应该使用“learn”。故答案选D。

　　19．A.memories B．blankets

　　C．mysteries D．thunders

　　答案：C　考查名词词义辨析。作者认为小时候没有被教过神秘的东西，因为父亲是用通俗易懂的方式来教作者的。由此可知，C选项符合语境。故答案选C。

　　20．A.engaged B．interested

　　C．successful D．skillful

　　答案：B　考查形容词词辨析。这可能是作者一直对科学感兴趣的原因。由此并结合选项的词义可知，B选项符合语境。故答案选B。

　　Ⅳ.语法填空

　　(2017·凉州区第二次诊断)

　　W：You see, I'm gaining weight again. I've no idea __1__to lose it.

　　M：You should do some exercise every day. That is the best way __2__ keep you fit.

　　W：You know, I don't want to move about at all.

　　M：You'd better not watch too much TV. __3__(recent), dancing machines have been popular in China. I suggest __4__(buy) one.

　　W：What is the dancing machine?

　　M：Oh, you may see one in shopping centers. __5__ is easy to learn how to use it. What you ought to do is to dance on such machines __6__ disco music, stepping forward and backward, left and __7__ as if you are really dancing.