Researchers have tried but largely failed to find evidence that complicated information, such as

　　new pairs of words, can make its way into the brain during sleep.

　　Instead of trying to teach people something complicated like a new language, Arzi and her

　　colleagues relied on the sense of smell and hearing. As anyone who has walked by a dumpster（垃

　　圾车）in July knows, smells can cause a nose-jerk reaction. Catching a bad smell automatically

　　makes people inhale(吸气)less, reducing the size of the inhale. But。scent of fresh bread causes

　　a long, deep inhale.、rzi and her team took advantage of this reaction for their experiment.

　　As people slept in the laboratory, the researchers delivered pleasant scent, such as shampoo.

　　As this nice smell got into the sleepers' noses, the researchers played a particular music. Later, a

　　disgusting smell, such as rotten fish or meat, was paired with a different music. Neither the smell

　　nor the sound woke people up. After just four exposures to the smell-music pair during a single

　　night, the sleepers started to automatically respond to the tones without the accompanying smells,

　　taking in bigger breaths when the shampoo-associated tone played and smaller breaths when played

　　the sound linked to the rotten fish smell.

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