【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件语法专练七情态动词和虚拟语气_高考复习指南

【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件语法专练七情态动词和虚拟语气

　　虚拟条件句主句

　　与现在事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were) 主语+should/would /could/might+动词原形 If I were you,I should seize the chance to go abroad. 如果我是你,我就抓住这次出国的机会。知识清单二　虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

　　与过去事实相反的假设 If+主语+had+ 过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams.如果你早听了我的建议,你考试就能通过了。

　　与将来事实相反的假设 1.If+主语+动词的过去式 2.If+主语+were to+动词原形 3.If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should/would /could/might+动词原形 If he should not come tomorrow,we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 如果明天他不来,我们就把会议推迟到下周一了。使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点: 1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时, 被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如: If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now.如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前好好学习的话,你现在早就是大学生了。 2.if省略句在条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。如: If I were at school again,I would study harder. →Were I at school again,I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力地学习。 If you had come earlier,you would have caught the bus. →Had you come earlier,you would have caught the bus. 如果你来得早些,你就能赶上公共汽车了。 If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不去登山了。注意:若省略的条件从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式。如:我们可以说:Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now.但不能说:Weren’t it for the expense,I would go abroad now. 3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的有with,without,but for。如: What would you do with a million dollars(=if you had a million dollars)? 如果你有100万美元,你会做什么? Without your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =But for your help,...=If it had not been for your help,...=Had it not been for your help,... 没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 4.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如: I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词) 我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(连词) 他打电话通知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一点都不知道。 A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about 3 days.(定语从句) 一个不喝水的人大约3天内就会死亡。 I should have given you more help,but I was too busy.(连词) 我本应该多帮帮你,但我(那时)太忙了。 5.even if,even though 也可用于虚拟语气,其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 1.用于宾语从句中 (1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为: 如: I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鸟,能在天空自由飞翔。 I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天见到那个影星了。 How I wish it weren’t raining now! 我多希望现在没下雨啊! 此外,用于If only+句子=How I wish+that从句。又如: If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊! If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看了那部电影多好啊! (2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有:de- mand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。如: He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 They insisted that the boy(should)go with them. 他们坚决主张那个男孩子跟他们一起去。 (3)在would rather后的宾语从句中,也用虚拟语气,其构成为would rather sb. +动词过去式/过去完成式(从句动作先发生)。如: I would rather they didn’t hear of the news. 我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。 (4)当suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“坚持说,力言”之意时, suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,应使用陈述语气。如: The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。 2.用于主语从句中在“It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/ strange/natural/a pity/essential+that从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词用 “should+动词原形”,should可以省略。如: It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。 It is strange that he (should)have acted toward his parents like that.(从句谓语动词动作在主句谓语动词动作之前发生时,从句谓语动词要用“should have+过去分词”) 真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。注意:以上句式也可以用于陈述语气。如: It’s a pity that you can’t dance. 真遗憾你不会跳舞。 3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。如: My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it. 我的意见是,在接受之前我们要仔细考虑。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。易混点总结一、as if(as though)用在虚拟语气中如果as if引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生,as if 引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时;如果as if引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时;如果as if引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时。如: He looks as if he were an artist.(同时) 他看起来像个艺术家。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) 她讲英语如此流利,好像她在美国学过英语。 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.(后于) 他如此努力地学英语,好像他要去美国。二、虚拟语气用于定语从句中 It is(high)time(that)...句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,或用“should+ 动词原形”(其中should不能省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该……”,用来表示提议。如: It is(high)time that you went to school. 你该去上学了。 It is(high)time that we should start out. 我们该出发了。考点清单知识清单栏目索引考点清单知识清单栏目索引课标卷外研版英语语法专练七　情态动词和虚拟语气高频考点一　情态动词表能力