While most of Modiano’s works don’t run for hundreds of pages, they explore serious subjects. The author’s signature themes are Germany’s occupation during World WarⅡ and the evolution of Paris over the past century.

　　Modiano’s life has been greatly affected by Nazi Germany’s occupation during the war, and his family’s connections to it. According to New York-based newspaper Forward, his father survived the war dishonorably. When Paris’ Jews were rounded up for deportation(驱逐)to concentration camps, the businessman did not join them but spent the time making money from deals with Nazis on the black market. “The novelist has a duty to record the traces of the people who have vanished, the people who were made to disappear, ”French writer Clémence Boulouque, also an expert in Jewish Studies, told The New Yorker magazine.

　　In his more than three dozen novels, Modiano has returned again and again to the same themes: Jewishness, the Nazi occupation, and loss of identity.

　　Paris is another recurring(重复的)theme in Modiano’s works. Most of his novels are set in the city, from the rich parts of downtown Paris to more remote suburbs where the characters try to live anonymous and protected lives.

　　Anne Ghisoli, the director of Librairie Gallimard, a bookstore in Paris, concluded, “Modiano is a master of writing on memory and occupation, which haunt(萦绕)and inform his works. He is a chronicler(年代记录者)of Paris, its streets, its past, and its present. ”

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