4.同位语从句。 (1)同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般跟在抽象名词如fact,truth,news,idea,answer,doubt,reply,reason,belief,hope,thought,message,suggestion,word,possibility,promise等之后,说明该名词的具体内容。 ·I have no idea when he will be back. ·The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. (2)同位语从句和定语从句的区别: ①定语从句对先行词起修饰和限制的作用;同位语从句具体说明它前面名词的内容。 语法专题
②that在同位语从句中不充当成分,没有实际含义,且不能省略;定语从句中that常作主语或宾语,充当宾语时可以省略。 ·The news that he told us just now is exciting.(定语从句) ·The news that our team won the game is exciting.(同位语从句) 三、区别that/what,if/whether的用法 语法专题 1.that/what。 (1)that在名词性从句中没有含义,不充当成分。what在引导名词性从句时充当成分,在从句中作宾语、表语、主语。 •That he is clever is known to all.(主语从句) •It will depend on it that you have courage.(同位语从句) •Our city isn't what it used to be. (作表语) •What is to be discussed hasn't been decided. (作主语) •I don't know what to do.(作宾语) 语法专题
(2)介词宾语从句不能用that引导,但当介词是but,except时,可用that引导。 ·We are talking about what we should do next. ·I know nothing about him except that he is a teacher. 2.if/whether。 (1)if能引导宾语从句,而whether可以引导主语、宾语、表语和同位语四种名词性从句。 ·The problem is whether you have energy.
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