本人也有类似的发现,即假消息削弱了人们对科学共识的认识。而且,某些人受到假消息的影响比其他人更大。例如,一个人政治上越保守,受假消息的影响就越大。
Figure 1. Response to misinformation about climate change.
图1 对于气候变化假消息的反应
Beyond misinforming people, misinformation has a more insidious and dangerous influence. It doesn’t just misinform. It stops people believing in facts.
假消息除了误导人,还带来更危险的潜在影响。它不只误导,还阻碍人们相信事实。
SCIENCE’S ANSWER TO SCIENCE DENIAL
“否定科学”的科学解释
Inoculation theory takes the concept of vaccination, where we are exposed to a weak form of a virus in order to build immunity to the real virus, and applies it to knowledge.
接种理论采用疫苗接种的概念并将其应用于知识领域。疫苗接种就是让人体感染弱化病毒,以获得抵抗真正病毒的免疫力。
Inoculating text requires two elements. First, it includes an explicit warning about the danger of being misled by misinformation. Second, you need to provide counterarguments explaining the flaws in that misinformation.
接种信息需要涵盖两大元素。首先,需要明确警告受到假消息误导的危险。其次,需要提供反驳依据,解释假消息的漏洞。
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