印度的能源问题只会愈演愈烈。目前,周一与周二停电的具体原因尚不明确,但印度的电力需求早已超出发电容量,而且电力价格远远低于生产成本。印度发电系统严重依赖于燃煤发电和水力发电,而讽刺的是,停电的时候,煤矿也不得不停止开采。周二停电时就有矿工被困井下。预计印度电网20%的电量来自水力发电,而水力发电很大程度上依赖于季节性的雨季。由于气候条件变幻莫测,这种发电形式并不稳定。今年,印度降雨量低于往年,而且明年可能依然如此。世界银行(World Bank)的报告称,2006年,印度因持续停电造成的产品销售损失至少达到6.6%,这是目前可以拿到的最新数据。2017年,印度产品销售损失可能更为惨重。
So what to do besides complain and shrug this off as yet another failing of an ineffective government? Have a backup plan -- and one better than a diesel generator. Green energy is a great possibility, and many Indian startups are already beginning to instal micro-grids to distribute solar and wind power to villages. A company called Selco makes and installs solar panels for about $200, while another, called Simpra Networks, will sell the excess energy generated by these panels to customers who place orders on their phones. These aren't simply a viable replacement to the bulky, noisy engines that powered up my office in Delhi, but a way to begin to bring electricity to the 300 million Indians who don't have access to it in the first place. To them, Blackout Tuesday didn't even register, but it might be just the sort of disaster required for everyone else to wake up, get angry, and start fixing things.
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