Feeling as if you don't belong -- that you've landed in a fortunate spot by luck or by accident -- can send anyone into a tailspin, from college students to corporate executives.
感觉自己不属于所处的环境――认为自己是凭运气或偶然才到达这个幸运的位置――会让你陷入消沉,无论你是大学生还是企业高管。
Imposter fears are common among men and women alike, research shows, and are blamed for an array of problems, from high college-failure and dropout rates to low female participation in math, engineering and science jobs.
研究表明,“冒名顶替者恐惧”(imposter fears)在男性和女性中均很常见,被认为是引发一系列问题的祸因,比如造成大学挂科率和退学率高企,以及女性从事数学、工程和科学工作的比例很低等。
Separate from general emotional insecurity, imposter fears affect high achievers and focus on worries about being exposed as a phony. These feelings can come up in many situations in the workplace -- when an executive is called upon to accept a promotion, dig into a tough project, or give voice to a fledgling idea. Joyce Roche, a former senior executive at Avon Products, worried in secret for years that she was 'not as smart, not as prepared, not as good as my counterparts,' says Ms. Roche, author of a recent book on the topic, 'The Empress Has No Clothes.'
与普通情感上的不安全感不同,“冒名顶替者恐惧”影响的是成就较高者,主要与担心自己会被揭为名不副实的忧虑有关。这些感觉会在职场的许多情境中出现,比如管理者在获得晋升机会、被要求实施一个棘手的项目或表达一个尚未完全成熟的想法时。乔伊丝・罗奇(Joyce Roche)原是雅芳(Avon Products)的一名高管,她说多年来她曾一直私下担心自己“不像我的同事那么聪明、那么有准备,也不像他们那么出色”。她最近出版了一本与该话题有关的书――《“皇后的新装”:战胜自我怀疑》(The Empress Has No Clothes)。
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