《美国人时间使用调查》(American Time Use Survey)(这项一年一度的调查让数千名美国人按时间顺序记录他们如何度过一天的时间)显示,如今男性和女性一周的工作时间基本相同(不过男性的有酬工作时间较长,女性的无酬工作时间较长)。既然这本时间账是平衡的,我们也许会猜测,夫妻双方在家务方面的所有矛盾最终都会平息――女性应该终于不再疑惑为什么是她们而不是丈夫被如此沉重的负担所纠缠。但她们的疑问并没有消除。这是为什么呢?
Part of the problem is that averages treat all data as if they're the same and therefore combinable, which often results in a kind of absurdity. On average, human beings have half an Adam's apple, but no one thinks to lump men and women together this way. Similarly, we should not assume that men and women's working hours are the same in kind. The fact is, men and women experience their time very differently.
问题的部分原因在于,我们求平均数时会把所有数据都视为同质的,因此认为它们可以合并,这通常会带来一种荒唐的结果。比如说,平均而言,每个人有半个喉结,但实际上没有人会这样把男女合并计算。同样,我们也不能以为男性和女性工作时间的性质相同。事实是,男性和女性对时间的感知大相径庭。
For starters, not all work is created equal. An hour spent on one kind of task is not necessarily the equivalent of an hour spent on another. Take child care, a task to which mothers devote far more hours than dads. It creates much more stress in women than other forms of housework. In 'Alone Together' (2007), a comprehensive look at the state of American marriage, the authors found that if women believe child care is unevenly divided in their homes, this imbalance is much more likely to affect their marital happiness than a perceived imbalance in, say, vacuuming.
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