透过自由主义“棱镜”,德国给人看到的是军国主义、独裁、重商主义和计划经济——而对该国政治文化的鄙视也增加了伦敦的不安。当战争爆发时,人们立刻将之视为一场讨伐“普鲁士主义”的自由主义战争。
In this respect, today’s Sino-American rivalry resembles the pre-1914 Anglo-German antagonism. The speed of China’s growth worries US policy makers, as do the geopolitical implications of its economic transformation.
从这个方面来说,当今的中美对抗类似于1914年以前的英德对抗。中国的发展速度让美国政策制定者感到担忧,其经济改革对地缘政治的影响同样让美国不安。
Across the American political spectrum, China’s success is attributed to its failure to play by the rules of free trade – for instance, its habit of manipulating the value of its currency and engaging in industrial espionage. Market-oriented liberalism is the dominant ideology in the US and, as in pre-1914 Britain, it shapes policy makers’ image of their supposed adversary.
在美国政界上下看来,中国的成功得益于其没有遵守自由贸易规则,例如惯于操纵汇率,以及从事工业间谍活动。以市场为导向的自由主义是美国的主要意识形态,而正如1914年前的英国一样,它决定了政策制定者对他们所以为的对手的印象。
American leaders view China as a nation whose undemocratic political system raises doubts about both the scope of its foreign policy ambitions and its trustworthiness as a diplomatic partner. Moreover, China’s combination of political authoritarianism and state-directed capitalism causes unease because it challenges the supposed universality of the American model of liberal democracy and free-market capitalism.
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