在民主党“三维智库”(Third Way)本周发表的一篇后续文章中,路德维格提出了类似结论。
Some of the nation’s most prominent poverty researchers, including William Julius Wilson, a professor of sociology at Harvard and the author of “The Truly Disadvantaged,” consider that the design of the M.T.O. project was flawed, leading to unwarranted conclusions about the lack of improvement in employment and schooling.
美国的一些最为权威的贫困问题研究者,比如哈佛社会学教授、《真正的穷人》的作者威廉·朱利叶斯·威尔逊(William Julius Wilson)认为,MTO项目存在设计缺陷,从而引来了就业与学业方面未能有所改善的不妥结论。
Wilson pointed out in an email to The Times that the families in the study who left public housing moved into segregated neighborhoods nonetheless, far from employment opportunities and with equally bad schools – often the same schools. Social conditions were only marginally better than those they had left.
在写给《纽约时报》的电子邮件中,威尔逊指出,MTO项目里离开公租屋的家庭还是搬到了隔离社区,远离就业机会,而学校的糟糕程度也不相上下,子女往往还是去同样的地方上学。他们的社会状况只比之前好上一星半点。
In addition, Wilson wrote, the adults in the program “had been exposed all their lives to the effects of severely concentrated disadvantage, and no matter how long they are followed in their new neighborhoods, the effects of those earlier years are not fully erased.”
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