什么是X理论和Y理论？X理论假设人们不特别想工作，所以需要对他们进行“强迫、控制、指示，并用惩罚措施威胁。”

Theory Y assumes people want to do a good job. There is no need to order them about. They are naturally inventive and look for the best ways to get work done.

Y理论假设人们想要做好工作。没有必要对他们发号施令。人们自然而然地富于创造性，会寻找完成工作的最佳方法。

McGregor favoured Theory Y. His book appeared in 1960, at the beginning of a period of western belief in greater freedom and equality, and it found an eager audience.

麦格雷戈更青睐Y理论。他的著作出版于20世纪60年代，正是西方对更大的自由和平等抱有信心的一段时期的开端，因此招来了一批热忱的受众。

“Our biggest asset is our people” was a Theory Y-influenced slogan. But many employees saw through it. While many managers talked Theory Y, they practised Theory X.

“我们最大的资产是我们的员工”就是受到Y理论影响而提出的口号。但许多雇员看透了这样的口号。尽管许多经理嘴上说着Y理论，他们实际做的却是X理论。

There have always been exceptional workplaces – some, but not all, in the professional services or technology sectors – where managers gave their staff the freedom to set their own hours, work from home or find the best ways of serving customers.

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