科学家们通过一种名为数字符号替换的测试来评估痴呆症、脑损伤等各种大脑情况,测试内容通常是将数字和符号配对。该测试要求人们同时使用多种认知能力,如信息处理速度、持久的专注力以及视觉能力等。数字符号替换测试也是韦氏成人智力量表的一种工具。韦氏成人智力量表是应用最广泛的智力测量标准之一。
Hartshorne employed the test in his study of how intelligence changes over time and found that participants' performance generally peaked in their late teens.
哈茨霍恩应用这项测试,研究智力如何随着时间变化,并发现参与者最好的表现通常是在二十岁之前那几年。
22岁:对陌生名字记忆能力的巅峰
Most adults are bad at memorizing bits of information without context, a phenomenon that neuroscientists chock up to the Baker/Baker paradox. A classic example of this idea is that you'll have an easier time remembering a story about someone who bakes than a person with the last name Baker. Because there's no context that links the person to the name, it doesn't become firmly lodged in your memory.
在没有语境的情况下,大多数成年人不善于记忆琐碎信息,神经学家将这种现象称为“贝克悖论”。这一观点的典型例证是,相比于记住一个叫贝克的人,你更加容易记住一个烘焙师的故事。因为没有上下文把人物和名字联系起来,它就不会牢牢地留在你的记忆中。
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