高增长和低失业率等指标可能标志着经济复苏,而经济低迷通常由低增长或停滞增长以及高失业率来定义。鉴于失业与商业周期各阶段的关系,失业只是用来衡量经济活动的各种经济指标之一。有关各种经济指标及其与商业周期的关系的最详细信息,请参阅《经济指标入门指南》。
Parkin and Bade go on to explain that despite the name, the business cycle is not a regular, predictable, or repeating the cycle. Though its phases can be defined, its timing is random and, to a large degree, uNPRedictable.
帕金和巴德继续解释道,尽管名字中有周期二字,但商业周期并不是一个规律的、可预测的或重复的循环。虽然它的阶段可以被定义,但其时间是随机的,并且在很大程度上是不可预测的。
The Phases of the Business Cycle
商业周期的各个阶段
While no two business cycles are exactly the same, they can be identified as a sequence of four phases that were classified and studied in their most modern sense by American e·conomists Arthur Burns and Wesley Mitchell in their text "Measuring Business Cycles." The four primary phases of the business cycle include:
虽然没有两个商业周期是完全相同的,而根据美国经济学家阿瑟·伯恩斯和卫斯理·米切尔在他们的著作《衡量商业周期》中最前沿的分类和研究,一个周期通常可以分为四个阶段,大致包括:
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