孟子反对的是大家都将“仁义”抛诸脑后而把眼睛紧盯在“利”上,反对“见利忘义”和“后义而先利”。他认为,如果人人都“怀利以相接”,“为人臣者怀利以事其君,为人子者怀利以事其父,为人弟者怀利以事其兄”,那就会导致人们不顾廉耻、互相倾轧,天下大乱。因此他提倡君子应该做到“仁民而爱物”,在鱼和熊掌“不可得兼”时,要舍利取义、“舍生取义”。
What Mencius opposed was that all of us put "benevolence and righteousness" behind us and focused on "benefit", and opposed "forget justice when seeing benefit" and "benefit before justice". In his opinion, if everyone "cherishes benefits to connect with each other", "those who are ministers will cherish benefits to serve their monarchs, those who are sons will cherish benefits to serve their fathers, and those who are younger brothers will cherish benefits to serve their brothers", it will lead to people's disrespect, mutual strife and chaos in the world. Therefore, he advocated that a gentleman should be benevolent to the people and love things. When fish and bear's paw are "not available at the same time", they should sacrifice profits for justice and "sacrifice life for justice".
与老子的清净无为不同,孟子奉行积极入世的人生观,有一种“当今之世,舍我其谁”的轩昂霸气,这比孔子的“道不行,乘桴浮于海”的无可奈何更为坚毅和充满斗争意志。他相信即使暂时遇到挫折和困难,那不过是一些必经的考验,人要想成功,必须经风雨、见世面。孟子认为人只有在逆境中奋斗,才能激发出强烈的进取精神。在面对困境时,“君子不怨天,不尤人”,“自任以天下之重”,以实现人生价值。
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