• one or more optional tests.

一项或多项可选测试。

France:

法国：

Lower secondary education ends at 15 when pupils take a lower secondary leaving exam, the brevet, which comprises tests French, maths, history/geography and civics education together with continuous assessment from 13-15. After one year of upper secondary education, pupils can leave or continue their education. Those that stay on can choose from a range of Baccalauréate, a technical brevet or vocational certificates.

初中教育在15岁结束后，学生们需要参加初中毕业考试——初中毕业会考，其中包括法语、数学、历史/地理和公民教育，以及从13到15岁的连续评估。经过一年的高中教育后，学生可以选择离开或继续学业。那些留下来的学生可以在一系列文凭、技术证书或职业证书中进行选择。

Japan:

日本：

No national assessment. Individual institutions arrange assessment at the end of lower secondary education (age 15) which may influence entry to senior high school although entry tests for these are often administered by municipal boards of education. Each local senior high school selects its own pupils under supervision of boards of education and in accordance with individual board’s regulations. National and private upper secondary schools conduct their own entrance exams. Individual institutions issue a Certificate of Upper Secondary Education at age 18. This Certificate is just one of the requirements for entry to higher education.

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