The economists find that self-employed workers with incorporated businesses were almost three times more likely to engage in illicit and risky activities as youth than were salaried workers. These behaviors include but aren't limited to shoplifting, marijuana use, playing hooky at school, drug dealing and assault. In addition, the self-employed with incorporated businesses exhibited greater self-esteem, scored higher on learning aptitude tests, were more educated and were more likely to come from high-earning, two-parent families than other employment types. 'Of course, you have to be smart,' says Mr. Levine. 'But it's a unique combination of breaking rules and being smart that helps you become an entrepreneur.'
两位经济学家发现,那些拥有公司的个体经营者在年轻时参与到非法与冒险性活动的可能性几乎是拿薪水打工者的三倍。这些行为包括但不限于入店行窃、吸食大麻、逃学旷课、毒品交易和人身侵犯。除此之外,与其他类型的从业人员相比,公司个体经营者展现出了更强的自尊心,在学习能力测试中得分也更高。他们受到更高的教育,更有可能来自高收入的双亲家庭。列文说:“当然,你必须得聪明。但打破陈规和头脑睿智是一种独特的组合,这将有助于你成为一名企业家。”
These qualities also have a downside. Risk-taking tendencies in combination with high self-esteem make successful entrepreneurs prone to dangerous lapses in judgement, the Wall Street Journal reported in June, finding that many financial advisers have to keep their entrepreneur clients in check.
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