在最后一分钟把信息塞进脑子里,有可能可以帮助你顺利通过考试或者会议,但是这些信息会很快从记忆中消失。在不同的时间段深入研究学习材料是更有效的学习方法。另外,无论是两周也好两年也好,如果希望能把这些信息记得越久,就越需要延长分散式学习的时间间隔。
The second learning strategy that is highly recommended by the report’s authors is practice testing. Yes, more tests —but these are not for a grade. Research shows that the mere act of calling information to mind strengthens that knowledge and aids in future retrieval.
报告作者们强烈推荐的第二种学习策略是实际测试。没错,要做更多测试,但是不是那种为了获得成绩而进行的测试。研究表明,单单是回忆脑海中的信息这一过程就能强化知识,并且在未来重拾知识时派上用场。
While practice testing is not a common strategy —despite the robustevidence supporting it —there is one familiar approach that captures its benefits: using flash cards. And now flash cards can be presented in digital form. Both spaced-out learning, or distributed practice, and practice tests were rated as having “high utility” by the authors.
尽管有大量证据支持,但是实际测试并不是常用的学习策略。不过,有一种熟悉的学习方法带来的益处和实际测试相近:使用记忆卡片。而且现在记忆卡片可以变得数字化了。分散式学习和实际测试都被作者们评为“高实用性”的学习技巧。
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